2023.08.03.54
Files > Volume 8 > Vol 8 No 3 2023

Protein bioavailability of Panicum maximum cv Mombaza grass under foliar
fertilization with zinc metalosate

Pedro Eduardo
Nivela Morante 1*
, Manuel de Jesús Jumbo Romero 2
, Ramón Raúl
Macías Chila 3
, Henrry Othón Intriago Mendoza 4
, Amador
Javier Suarez Villa 5
, Martha Margarita Minaya Macías 6
, Myriam
Elizabeth Zambrano Mendoza 7
, Tania Isabel Loor Arauz 8
, Arnaldo
Matteo Conforme López 9
, Eulices Emanuel Loor Giler 10
and
Carlos Quinto García Robles 11
.











1 Universidad
Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí ; [email protected]
2 Universidad
Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí ; [email protected]
3 Universidad
Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí ; [email protected]
4 Universidad
Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí ; [email protected]
5 Universidad
Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí ; [email protected]
6 Universidad
Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí ; [email protected]
7 Universidad
Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí ; [email protected]
8 Universidad
Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí ; [email protected]
9 Universidad
Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí ; [email protected]
10 Universidad Laica
Eloy Alfaro de Manabí ; [email protected]
11 Universidad Laica
Eloy Alfaro de Manabí ; [email protected]
* Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: (+593
998426187).
Available
from: http://dx.doi.org/10.21931/RB/2023.08.03.54
ABSTRACT
The present research was
carried out in two sites. The first corresponded to the agronomic phase in the
province of Orellana, in the Joya de los Sachas canton. The second phase
consisted in determining the rumen degradability (bioavailability) of the protein
by developing it in the laboratory of Rumiology and Nutritional Metabolism of
the Faculty of Animal Sciences at the Quevedo State Technical University, The objective of this
study was to evaluate the effect of three levels of Zinc metalosate on the bioavailability
of protein in Mombaza grass. A randomized complete block design with a 3 x 3
factorial arrangement was used. Nine treatments were distributed in 3 random
blocks (fistulated Brahman bulls). The factors under study were zinc metalosate
(0, 1 and 2 liters ha-1) and age cut or regrowth (28, 35 and 42
days) and the variables under study Ash bioavailability (protein
degradability), Ruminal incubation times (0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours). The
zinc metalosate effect stands out at the level of 0 and 1 liter per hectare
only after 72 hours of incubation, improving the bioavailability of protein. Regarding
the regrowth age effect, it was highlighted that 28 days after cutting the
Mombasa grass, the bioavailability of the protein is improved in the incubation
times of 48 and 72 hours. The interaction of factors showed that protein
bioavailability improved at 0 hours of incubation with the combinations 1 L ha-1
x 35 days and 1 L ha-1 x 42 d.
Keywords:
incubation;
bioavailability; degradability
INTRODUCTION
Mombaza
grass is a cultivar of the Panicum maximum Jacq. Due to its high
biomass production capacity, species are being introduced as an option to
improve the productivity of tropical grasslands. However, The Traditional
Management Applied and the Lack of Individual Recommendations for This Species,
you need technology for its optimization.1,2 Tropical grasses
present fluctuations in their nutritional value throughout the year, decreasing
their quality, especially in the dry season, producing a deficient animal
response and, consequently, deficient productive and reproductive systems.3
Guinea Mombasa shows superior characteristics concerning others also obtained
and released in Brazil. Therefore, it is considered one of the most productive
tropical forage species.4 The first trials were carried out in
Paraná, where it surpassed other cultivars, demonstrating a high productive
potential for forage production and intensive grazing. Under these conditions,
33 t of DM/ha/year productions were obtained.5,6 At present,
chelates attract powerful attention because they are an excellent alternative
to add metals in an edaphic and foliar manner to plants. They can always be
applied to bear in mind the following considerations: 1) increase the
solubilization of Zinc (Zn), 2) transport it to the root and leaf of the plant;
3) once there, give up the metal (Zn), and, 4) the organic part of the chelate
must return to solubilize more metal (Zn).7 By using this type of
complementary nutrition in the Mombasa herb, the zinc requirements involved in
so many enzymes will be compensated since zinc is essential for the metabolism
of many nutrients, including proteins, nucleic acids and carbohydrates, which
is why it is considered an essential mineral element for life. The use of zinc
metalosate positively influenced agronomic variables such as leaf weight (5,40
g), stem weight (4,76 g), leaf length (55,39 cm), biomass (3369.76 DM kg ha-1)
and dry matter (30,03%), increasing its content until adding 2 L ha-1
of zinc metalosate at 28 and 42 days of harvest. Growth and damage to
reproductive function, especially in the male.8 The enzymatic
processes in which Zn is involved have their main action in tissues with a high
rate of cell formation, so its deficiency impairs the growth of calves,
decreases sperm production in rams and bulls, and favors skin diseases9.
The highest crude protein content was obtained with a cut-off frequency of 30
days. In the same way, the neutral detergent fiber and the acid detergent fiber
will increase with the more significant time and height of the meadow.10
MATERIALS
AND METHODS
The
present investigation was carried out in two sites; the first corresponded to
the agronomic phase and was carried out in the province of Orellana, Joya de
los Sachas canton, Lago San Pedro parish on the farm of Mr. Manuel Jaya Garzón
and the second phase that consisted of determining the ruminal degradability of
Mombaza grass, which was carried out in the Rumiology and Nutritional
Metabolism laboratory of Faculty of Animal Sciences at Quevedo State Technical
University, , located at Km 7 way Quevedo – El Empalme, Province of Los Ríos.
For information processing, the INFOSTAT version 2008 statistical software was
obtained.11 A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was obtained
with a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement. Nine treatments were used randomly at the
experimental site (Table 1).
RESULTS
Protein degradability
Zinc metallized effect
The effect of Zinc metalosate on the degradability of the
protein (Table 2) at 72 hours of incubation showed statistically significant
differences (p<0.01), standing out the levels 0 and 1 L ha-1.
Harvest
age effect
The degradability of the
protein influenced by the harvest age (Table 3) presented significant
statistical differences (p<0.05) at the incubation times of 48 and 72 hours
where the cut-off age of 28 days stands out.
Effect
of zinc metalosate levels x harvest age
The interaction effect between zinc metalosate
levels x harvest ages on protein degradability (Figure 1) showed a
statistically significant difference (p<0.05) at 0 hours of incubation, in
which the interaction 1 L ha-1 x 35 days and 1 L ha-1 x
42 d.

Figure 1. Interaction effect on
the protein degradability in the incubation time of 0 hours of the Mombaza
Grass (Panicum maximum Jacq).

Table 1. Description of treatments used for
in situ degradability.

Table 2. Effect of zinc metalosate on the
protein degradability of Mombaza Grass (Panicum maximum Jacq).

Table 3. Effect of harvest age on protein
degradability of Mombaza Grass (Panicum maximum Jacq).
Formatting of Mathematical Components

Table 4. Description of the analysis of variance
scheme for in situ degradability.
DISCUSSION
In
the Metallising effect of zinc, the results of protein bioavailability are
attributed to the fact that the greater degradability of the protein is
generally related to a higher level of ammonium in the rumen, and this can
contribute to population growth and microbial activity at the rumen level,
which can lead to an increase in the supply of microbial Nitrogen to the small
intestine and maximize the consumption of high-fiber diets.12
The
effect of the age of the harvest is attributed to foods with high levels of
fiber, which could be due to the increase in the age of the plant, which causes
an increase in lignification, hindering the process of degradability of the
crude protein and decreasing its use.13 As with tropical pastures,
ammonia levels in the rumen must be higher than 50 mg L-1 and
protein synthesis is limited below this value. Also, the ammonia concentration
in the rumen fluid in animals that consume guinea pastures is 6,58 mg. 100 ml-1.14
An
association was found between the two dependent variables in the interaction of
Zinc metalosate levels x harvest ages. It can be highlighted that where
ruminants are fed tropical forages, the primary source of proteins comes from
those synthesized by rumen microorganisms. For this reason, it is of utmost
importance to maximize the amount of microbial protein that can be synthesized
per unit (kg) of fermented organic matter in the rumen to provide the animal
with the amount of microbial protein in the small intestine that meets its
maintenance and production requirements.15
CONCLUSIONS
The
zinc metalosate effect stands out at the level of 0 and 1 liter per hectare
only after 72 hours of incubation, improving the bioavailability of protein. Regarding
the regrowth age effect, it was highlighted that 28 days after cutting the
Mombasa grass, the bioavailability of the protein is improved in the incubation
times of 48 and 72 hours. The interaction of factors showed that protein
bioavailability improved at 0 hours of incubation with the combinations 1 L ha-1
x 35 days and 1 L ha-1 x 42 d.
Patents
There is no record.
Supplementary
Materials:
There is no record
Author Contributions:
A
short paragraph specifying their individual contributions must be provided for research
articles with several authors. The following statements should be used.
“Conceptualization,
Nivela. Pedro. And Jumbo. Manuel.; methodology, Nivela. Pedro. And Jumbo.
Manuel.; software, Macìas. Ramón; validation, Nivela. Pedro., Jumbo. Manuel.
and Intriago. Henry; formal analysis, Suarez. Amador.; investigation, Nivela.
Pedro; resources, Zambrano. Myriam.; data curation, Loor. Tania.;
writing—original draft preparation, Minaya. Martha.; writing—review and
editing, Nivela. Pedro.; visualization, Conforme. Arnaldo. and Loor. Eulices.;
supervision, García. Carlos.; project administration, Minaya. Martha.; funding
acquisition, Nivela. Pedro.
Informed Consent Statement: Not
applicable.
Data
Availability Statement: Not applicable.
Acknowledgments: Not applicable.
Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no
conflict of interest.
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Received: 25 June 2023/ Accepted: 26 August 2023 / Published:15 September
2023
Citation: Nivela Morante P E, Jumbo Romero M J, Macías Chila R R,
Intriago Mendoza H O, Suarez Villa A J, Minaya Macías M M, Zambrano Mendoza M
E, Loor Arauz T I, Conforme López A M, Loor Giler E E and Quinto García C. Protein bioavailability of Panicum maximum cv Mombaza grass under foliar
fertilization with zinc metalosate. Revis Bionatura 2023;8 (3) 54.
http://dx.doi.org/10.21931/RB/2023.08.03.54