Zeina Sami Rashid and Zena Hazbar Khazaal

Response of fruits of two pomegranate cultivars to dipping with chitosan during cold storage

Abstract: The study was carried out in one of the cold stores in Diyala Governorate, the fruits of two cultivars of pomegranate, Salimi and Shami were collected from the orchards of Diyala Gover-norate, Khirnabat village from trees aged 5-6 years. The storage treatments were as follows: two cultivars of pomegranate, Salimi sour and Shami, the fruits were dipped in Chitosan at a concen-tration of 2% for 5 minutes, in addition to the control treatment (dipping in distilled water only). The fruits were stored at a temperature of 8 ± 1 ° and a relative humidity of 85-90% for three months and measurements were taken at intervals (beginning of storage and after 45 days of storage and after 90 days of storage). The results were analyzed with a factorial experiment with CRD design, and the averages were compared with the LSD test with a probability level of 0.05. cultivar was significantly superior in the percentage of total soluble solid) 14.10(, anthocyanin pigment)3.005( and total soluble solids / total acidity (TSS/TA)( 19.59) compared with Shami cultivar, while Shami cultivar was significantly superior in total acidity(1.232 ) and vitamin C )26.80( (  )content over Salimi cultivar, the treated fruits with Chitosan at a concentration of 2% gave a clear superiority in the amount of total acidity,(  1.232) the amount of vitamin C(26.80) and the amount of an-thocyanin pigment in the fruits compared with the control treatment, while there was no significant effect of Chitosan on total soluble  solids (TSS)( 13.77 ) and TSS/TA(19.26 ).The results also showed that the amount of TSS, the total acidity and the juice content of vitamin C were signif-icantly decreased with the continuation of storage compared with the beginning of storage, at the time when the accumulation of anthocyanin(2.209  ) pigment and TSS/TA(19.53) were increased, there was a clear effect of the interaction between treatments on the storage characteristics of pomegranate fruits

Hussein Salim, Majida Alsaady , Abdulsattar Al-zuhairi and Fahmy Kassoub

Evaluation the Fungicidal Activity of the Aqueous Extracts of Some Medicinal Plants against Fusarium spp

Abstract: To assess a performance of the aqueous extracts of Rhus coriaria, Boswellia carterii, Nigella sativa and Aloe vera. Three concentrations (5%, 10%, and 15%) for each extract were tested in vitro for their activity against three isolates of Fusarium spp. All extracts have a high inhibitory capacity against tested isolates. An inhibition percentage for selected isolates was increased with increase of concentrations (5%, 10%, 15%). The concentration of Rhus coriaria extract 15 % resulted in a significant increase in inhibition percentage of mycelial growth of  Fusarium sp.1 (63.17%), Fusarium sp2 (61.69%) and Fusarium sp3  (59.35%) compared to other concentrations, the concentration of Boswellia carterii extract 10% led to a significant increase in inhibition percentage of mycelial growth of Fusarium sp2 (82.45 %)  compared to concentration 5% (73.67 %), the concentration of Nigella sativa extract 15% was recorded high inhibition percentage in  Fusarium sp2 (66.15 %) compared to concentration 5% (22.21%), whereas concentrations 5% and10% were recorded highest inhibition percentage in Fusarium sp3 reached 31.73 % and 22.02%, respectively compared to concentration 15% (4.90%).

Mahmood Alkhulaifi

The Future Threat of Desertification in Iraq

Abstract: Desertification across the world has increased dramatically since the middle of the last century. This is a dangerous threat to Iraq as well, especially due to years of neglecting this issue. The areas affected by desertification vary from one country to another in the Arab region, which is about (40) million hectares in Iraq. The problem has particularly spread in Iraq due to military operations that have destroyed soil quality since 1980. This has led to other serious consequences; a turning of productive land to barred land increase sand dunes and increased pressure on ground water to threats on food and water security. This study will discuss options to address the desertification problem in Iraq for now and how this will progress in 5 years’ time. It will firstly, identify the key issues of desertification in Iraq before evaluating the current problem environment now and for the future.  It will also provide a problem cluster now and in 5 years’ time and potential solutions. It is important to discuss how these will progress into the future, especially in Iraq’s unstable political environment with an ongoing war. It will suggest some viable options for the country when political stability is achieved and finally outline how evaluation criteria can be applied to the possible solutions

Saja W. A´shour   and Theyab A. Farhan

Identification or Diagnosis Fungi that Cause Potato Root Rot

Abstract: Results of collecting samples from different regions of Anbar Governorate (Al-Amiriyah, Al-Khalidya, Fallujah, Heet and Ramadi) showed that potato root rot disease is widespread in all regions collected .The results of isolation and phenotypic and molecular diagnosis using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique indicated showed the presence of fungus Rhizoctonia spp. and fungus Fusarium spp. Accompanying potato root rot disease and the pathogenicity test using radish seeds on water Agar (W.R) culture media, all tested isolates achieved a significant reduction in radish seed plant compared with control treatment uncontaminated by any of the isolates of fungi, which recorded infection rate 0%..

Mohammad Salman Kareem Al-Zubaidi

Effect of Adding Antisaline and Marine Algae on the Vegetative Growth Characteristics of Cauliflower, Mica Cultivar

Abstract: in the agricultural season 2019-2020 in one of the agricultural fields in Muqdadiya district, Haruniya region Kilo 21, 40 km north-east of Baquba district of Diyala governorateIn order to study the effect of adding antisaline and marine algae on the vegetative growth characteristics of broccoli, mica cultivar.. The results showed the superiority of anti-salinity treatment in most of the studied traits, including(Plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, stem diameter, chlorophyll b,a concentration and carotene percentage in leaves) which achieved (69.10 cm, 29.08 leaf-1, 235.16 dm2 plant-1 , 29.01 mm, 0.68 mg g-1, 0.51 mg g-1, 0.58%) respectively also the spray of marine algae superiority  at most of the studied traits, including in some traits (Plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, stem diameter, chlorophyll b,a  and carotene percentage in leaves) (69.53 cm, 31.83 leaf-1, 272.71 dm2 plant-1, 33.88 mm, 0.70 mg g-1, 0.53 mg g-1,0.62%) respectively  and the interaction between the two factors  was reatment ignificant and superiority at  in most of the traits, including (Plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, stem diameter, chlorophyll b,a concentration and carotene percentage in leaves) in some traits  (76.30 cm, 33.86 leaf-1, 301.17 dm2 plant-1, 35.50 mm, 0.80 mg g-1, 0.56 mg g-1, 0.70%) respectively.

Murtadha Shanan Auda and Ahmed Yousef Lafta Hzaa

Effect of spraying the acetyl salicylic acid and citric acid on some physical and chemical characteristics of date palm two cultivars Halawi and Sayer

Abstract: This study was conducted in an orchard in Basra Governorate during the 2020 growing season, with the aim of the effect of spraying the antioxidants acetyl salicylic acid and citric acid on some physical and chemical characteristics of two date palm cultivars Phoenix dactylifera L. (Halawi and Sayer) in improving the chemical and physical properties of the fruits. The experiment included five factor treatments which are the comparison treatment and two concentrations of citric acid 150, 300 mg.L-1 and two concentrations of acetylsalicylic acid 500 and 1000 mg mg.L-1, the floral spikes were sprayed twice, the first spraying a month after pollination and the second spray 15 days after the first spray, and the results demonstrated that spraying with two acids led to a significant increase in all studied traits, sprayed with salicylic acetylcholine at a concentration of 1000 mg. mg.L-1 and spraying with citric acid 300 mg. mg.L-1 significant increase in yield , while spraying with distilled water gave the lowest value for the studied traits, the binary interaction between acetylsalicylic acid at a concentration of 1000 mg.L-1 and Halawi cultivar significantly outperformed in all the traits included in the study.

Najm Abdallah Sahar Alhamadani and Ali Abbas Kadhum

Response of potatoes Planted in Gypsifrious Soil to Organic, Bio-logical and Mineral fertilization

Abstract: This experiment was conducted during the growing season 2021, the spring bloom, in AL-Falluja date palm research station province fellow Horticulture board/Ministry of Agriculture. To study the effect of organic fertilizer and inoculation with P. sudomonas bacteria and fungi. Trichoderm harzanium and mineral fertilizer in the growth and yield of potato variety Burren, the experiment included three factors, the first factor, adding two levels of fermented organic fertilizer 10 tons hectares of sheep waste (C1) and without Addition of organic fertilizer (C0) As for the second factor, it included the addition of biological fertilizer (Pseudomonas and Trichoderma bacterial vaccine): without adding the vaccine B0 + adding the bacterial vaccine Pseudomonas B1 + adding the fungal vaccine Trichoderma (B2) and the addition of a mixture of the bacterial Pseudomonas vaccine and the fungal Trichoderma vaccine (B3), and the third factor was the addition of three levels of mineral fertilizer, which is 50 % of the recommended fertilizer (M50) and 75% of the fertilizer recommendation (M75) and the addition of the fertilizer recommendation 100 % (M100) and the results of the study are summarized as follows: The use of organic fertilizer led to a significant increase in growth characteristics and yield of potatoes as a result of the addition of fertilizer aleudwiu Treatment O1 gave the highest rate of the studied traits, number and weight of tubers, which amounted to 7.91 tubers. plant-1 and 78.03 g. Plant-1 and the yield of one plant is 634.9 g.Plant-1 and the total yield is 36.91 mg.h-1 The total marketable yield 35.53 mcg ha-1. There was a significant increase in the growth characteristics and yield of potato plant as a result of the addition of bio-fertilizer, as it gave the interaction treatment between Pseudomonas bacteria and Trichoderma (B3). The highest rates in the studied traits, as the number and weight of tubers reached 9.11 tubers. plant-1and 86.22 g. Plant-1 and the yield of one plant is 796.0 g. plant-1 The total yield is 39.03 mcg ha-1 and the total marketable yield is 37.71 mcg ha-1. The addition of the fertilizer recommendation by 100% (M100) led to a significant increase in the growth characteristics and yield of a plant Potatoes, as the number and weight of tubers reached 8.10 tubers. plant-1and 76.88 g. Plant-1 and the yield of one plant is 634.9 g.plant-1, total yield 36.26 mcg ha-1, total marketable yield 35.05 mcg ha-1.The double and triple interactions gave significant results in growth characteristics, yield and chemical content

Yasser Mohammad Ahmed and Jasim Mahmood Abed

Stimulation of Systemic Resistance In Strawberry Against Gray Mold Disease Caused by Botrytis cinerea Using Amino butyric Acid And Melatonin

Abstract: The study aimed to isolate and diagnose the fungus that causes gray mold disease in strawberries, and the study showed the spread of the fungus Botrytis cinerea in all areas of sample collection (Baghdad - Anbar - Babylon - Salah al-Din). Reducing the infection rate to (28%, 32.33%) in the strawberry plant, respectively, compared to the control treatment contaminated with the pathogenic fungus (82.67), The results showed a significant effect of the above induction factors in reducing the diameter growth rate and the dry weight rate of the biomass of the fungus, which reached (2.80 cm, 4.67 cm) and (0.253, 0.357 mg) respectively, compared to the control treatment with a diameter of (9 cm, 0.423 mg). For the inducing factors BABA and Melatonin, the results showed a significant increase in the rate of peroxidase enzyme activity, as it reached Melatonin (48.248 minutes gm fresh weight-1) and BABA (37.330 minutes gm fresh weight-1). Accumulated total phenols achieved BABA (3.203 mg fresh weight-1) and Melatonin (2.635 mg fresh weight-1)

Ahmed jassim Awad and Theyab A.Farhan

Isolation and diagnosis some associated fungi with cowpea root rot disease and testing its pathogenicity

Abstract: Execute search by date 1/4/2021,The results of collecting samples from the regions of Anbar, Baghdad, Salah al-Din and Wasit showed that cowpea root rot disease is widespread in all studied regions, and The results of isolation phenotypic and molecular diagnosis showed the presence of different isolation of fungi that infected cowpea root, such as Fusarium nygamai (Fu1), F. nygamai (Fu2), F. solani (Fu3), F. solani(Fu4), Rhizoctonia solani (Rh5), and Fusarium solani (Fu6), The results of the pathogenicity test on radish seeds showed that tested isolates were significantly decreased germination percentage of radish seeds of water Ager, and the most effective isolation was F. solani (Fu4). The infection rate was 90% comparedwith 0.00% of the control media treatment which uncontaminated by the pathogenic fungus Isolateds fungi showed a difference in the percentage and severity of infection on cowpea seedlings and seedlings, as the isolate of F.nygamai (Fu1) achieved the highest infection rate of 66.67 % and severity of infection 75%, All fungal isolates achieved a significant increase in the rate and severity of infection on seed radish compared with the control treatment not contaminated with pathogenic fungi. 0.0%  for both

Salsabil Hamed Muslehand Omar Hashim Muslah Almohammedi

Response of Potato to Organic Fertilizer and Zinc Sulfate Spraying on some Growth Characteristics and Yield

Abstract: A field experiment was carried out at the research station of the College of Agriculture - Al Buaitha Station - of the University of Anbar for the spring season 2021-2022 to study the effect of adding organic fertilizer and spraying with zinc sulfate on two cultivars of potato Solanum tuberosum L., the first factor included ten fertilizer treatments (Comparative treatment, chemical fertilization treatment, organic fertilization treatment 50 gm.plant, organic fertilization treatment 100 gm.plant, spraying treatment 1 gm zinc sulfate.plant, spraying treatment 3 gm zinc sulfate.Liter, interaction treatment 50 gm. organic fertilizer plant + 1 gm zinc sulfate Overlap treatment 50 gm.organic fertilizer plant +3gm zinc sulfate,overlap treatment 100gm.organic fertilizer plant +1gm zinc sulfate,overlap treatment 100gm organic fertilizer plant +3gm zinc sulfate). As for the second factor, it included the potato varieties Naima and Challenger rank Elite, which was implemented as a factorial experiment within the Complete Randomized Block Design (RCBD), the total transactions amounted to 20 and were repeated three times to bring the number of experimental units to 60 experimental units, and the averages were compared at a probability level of 5%, and the results of the experiment can be summarized Thus: the Challenger variety gave the highest value for the number of main aerial stems, 2,220. plant̄¹ and the highest value for plant lengths is 85,754 cm. plant̄¹, the leaf area is 98,880 dm2 plants̄¹, and the average number of tubers per plant is 6.799 tubers plant̄¹. The variety Naima gave the highest value for the yield of one plant 1049.60 g. plant̄¹ and the total yield of tubers is 49.11 tons ha -¹. The addition of 50 gm of organic fertilizer + 1 gm of zinc sulfate was significantly superior to the number of main aerial stems of 2.933. plant̄¹, adding 100 gm of organic fertilizer + spraying 1 gm of zinc sulfate was superior in plant height 98.130 cm while to adding 100 gm of organic fertilizer + spraying 3 gm of zinc sulfate was significantly superior in leaf area of 159.490 dm2 plants̄¹. Adding 100 gm of organic fertilizer + 1 gm of zinc sulfate was significantly to the yield of one plant 1164.50 gm. Plant̄¹. Adding 100 gm of organic fertilizer + spraying 3 gm of zinc sulfate was significantly superior to the total yield of 62.03 tons ha-¹

Auf Abdul Rahman Saleh   , Basem Rahem Bader   

Effect of adding chemical and organic fertilizers and spraying seaweed extracts on NPKS concentrations and cauliflower yield

Abstract: Desertification across the world has increased dramatically since the middle of the last century. This is a dangerous threat to Iraq as well, especially due to years of neglecting this issue. The areas affected by desertification vary from one country to another in the Arab region, which is about (40) million hectares in Iraq. The problem has particularly spread in Iraq due to military operations that have destroyed soil quality since 1980. This has led to other serious consequences; a turning of productive land to barred land increase sand dunes and increased pressure on ground water to threats on food and water security. This study will discuss options to address the desertification problem in Iraq for now and how this will progress in 5 years’ time. It will firstly, identify the key issues of desertification in Iraq before evaluating the current problem environment now and for the future.  It will also provide a problem cluster now and in 5 years’ time and potential solutions. It is important to discuss how these will progress into the future, especially in Iraq’s unstable political environment with an ongoing war. It will suggest some viable options for the country when political stability is achieved and finally outline how evaluation criteria can be applied to the possible solutions

Auf Abdul Rahman Saleh, Basem Rahem Bader

Effect of adding chemical, organic fertilizers and spraying seaweed extracts on the availability of NPK and organic material in calcareous soil

ABSTRACT A field experiment was carried out in the agricultural season 2021-2022 in one of the agricultural fields in the region of Muqdadiya, Al-Harouniya district, located 40 km northeast of Baquba district of Diyala governorate. (Soil Survey Staff, 2006).It is located at a longitude of 53° 34' N and a latitude of 56° 04° 45° S. The experiment aimed to study the effect of adding chemical and organic fertilizers and spraying seaweed extracts on NPKS concentrations and cauliflower yield.The experiment included three factors, the first factor was the addition of organic fertilizer (buffalo waste) at three levels (0, 5 and 10%) of the size of the terrace which symbolized by M1, M2 and M3, respectively. It was added at a depth of 0-30 cm a month before planting the seedlings in the field. The second factor was the addition of NPK compound chemical fertilizer (20:20:20) at two levels (0 and the full fertilizer recommendation is 300 kg H-1 when planted as a feed) and symbolized by  C1 and  C2 respectively. The third factor spraying seaweed extract with three levels (0, 2 and 4) ml L-1 symbolized by A1, A2 and A3.The results of the experiment showed that the addition of chemical fertilizer had a significant effect on the availability of organic material in the soil.The 2C treatment (and the full fertilizer recommendation 300 kg H-1) outperformed and reached 2.96 gm kg-1, nitrogen availability in the soil amounted to 2.96 %.As well as the availability of phosphorous in the soil which amounted to 76.28 mg P kg 1-soil and the availability of potassium in the soil amounted to 76.28 %.The addition of buffalo manure to calcareous soils had a significant effect on the readiness of the organic material.Also, treatments M2 and M3 outperformed in soil with a value of 3.34 and 23. 4 g/kg-1, nitrogen availability in soil amounted to 29.88 and 31.25 mg N kg-1- soil.The M3 treatment also excelled in the availability of phosphorous in soils, which amounted to 86.98 mg P kg-1-soil mg M kg-1-soil.The availability of potassium in the soil amounted to 361.33 %.The triple interaction between the studied factors led to a significant effect on the availability of organic material in soils.The M2×C2×A3 treatment also excelled in recording the highest value, which was 3.85 gm kg-1, nitrogen availability in soil amounted to 37.75 %, phosphorous availability in soil amounted to 94.16 mg P kg-1 and potassium availability in soil amounted to 436.42 mg kg1-soil

Aqeel M. A. Al-Tamimi  and  Hassan H.  Al-Alawy

Effect of vermicompost, mycorrhiza and humic acid on some bio-chemical and yield characteristics of pepper Cupsicum annuum L. under greenhouse conditions

Abstract: A field experiment was carried out under the conditions of protected agriculture in the agricultural season 2020-2021 to study the effects of three factors: The first is the addition of vermicompost, with three levels: 0, 10 and 20 tons ha-1, the second factor is the addition of mycorrhiza to the soil with two levels: without and with vaccination of 10 g per plant; and the third factor is spraying humic acid in three concentrations: 0, 2.5 and 5 ml l-1 on some biochemical properties and yield characteristics of pepper, according to randomized complete block design (RCBD). Results showed a significant effect on the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in leaves; and the content of ascorbic acid in fruit; and yield per plant. The best interaction was when adding the third level of vermicompost (20 tons ha-1) with vaccination of mycorrhiza and spraying the third level of humic acid (5 ml l-1) on most of the studied characteristics of the plant

Omar Ali Ahmed, Martini Mohammad Yusoff

Root-shoot ratio and its relationships with physiological character-istic, growth and biomass yield of Gynura procumbens under dif-ferent shade levels and plant density

Abstract: Gynura procumbens is one of the most common medicinal plants belong to Asteraceae family, that possesses extensive pharmacological properties. The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different shade levels (0 and 30% shade) and plant density (9, 15 and 25 plants m-2) on root-shoot ratio and it is relationship with physiology, growth, and biomass yield using split-plot design with three replications. Increasing shade level to 30% shade significantly decreased root-shoot ratio (RSR) by22.54%, while, total leaf dry weight per plant (TLDW) and total leaf dry weight per square meter (TLDW m-2) increased by 35.64, 11.58 and 32.18%, respectively. due to negative correlation with RSR. Increasing plant density from 9 to 25 plants m-2 resulted in significant increase in RSR and TLDW m-2 by 67.71 and 18.54%, respectively, while, TLDW decreased by 57.31%. There was negative correlation between RSR and biomass yield per plant. Under stressed conditions (full sunlight and high plant density), G. procumbens plants appeared to change strategy to absorb limited resources and allocated more biomass to root system and reducing size of above-ground parts to survive which resulted in high RSR

Mohammed  Shwayel , Qais Abdul Jalil Al-Athman  and Manar Al-Khafaji

Effect of spraying  water on the body of Holstein cows during dry period before calving under heat stress conditions in milk production and components

Abstract: Aim of the current experiment is to reduce heat stress on pregnant imported Holstein cows in central Iraq during the months of August and September. used 12 multipars Holstein dry (pregnant) cows raised At the Great Khalis cattle station in Hibhib sub-district in Diyala governorate and their ages were between third and fourth lactation similar in production and the pregnant cows were divided randomly into three treatments, each treatment containing 4 dry pregnant cows, treatment C cows without spraying (control treatment), treatment R1 Sprinkle the body with water 14 days before calving daily at 1 pm, treatment R2 Cows are sprayed a month before calving daily at 1 pm. The results of the statistical analysis showed that there were no significant differences between the treatments in the daily milk production, but an arithmetic increase was observed in the average daily milk production for the fifth, sixth and seventh month after birth for the treatment of spraying a month before calving, which recorded 18.25, 18.50 and 15.00 kg/cow/day Compared with the control treatment, which recorded a decrease in milk production 14.00, 15.00 and 12.50 kg/cow/day respectively, as well as no significant differences between treatments in total milk production during the Experiment, but a Arithmeticly increase was noted in the treatment spraying one month before calving which amounted to 944.28 kg/cow compared to the control treatment which recorded 812.32 kg/cow, As for the components of milk no significant differences were observed among the treatments after two months of birth, but differences were noted among the treatments after 4 months of birth, as the spraying treatment a month before calving recorded a significant increase in lactose and non-fat solids, which recorded 4.32 and 7.93 % compared with the control treatment of Without spray, which recorded 3.82 and 7.00%, respectively, and after 6 months of birth, the percentage of non – fat solids : protein, lactose and ash in the spray treatment a month before calving recorded a significant increase, as it was 2.77, 4.22 and 0.60% compared with the control treatment, which recorded 2.50, 3.77 and 0.52%, respectively. We conclude from this experiment that spraying cows before month calving improves the milk components significantly as well as the production but in an arithmetically way

A. W. Taha , Kh.A.S.Al-Hamdani  and KH. N. AL-Assal

Effect of injection with microelements, jasmonic and citric acid on some yield traits of date palm c.v Khastawi.

Abstract: The study was conducted at the Ishaqi palm plant affiliated to the Department of Horticulture/Ministry of Agriculture during the growing season of 2021 on date palm trees of the Khastawi variety , to study the response of the yield traits of the Khastawi date palm trees to the injection of microelements, jasmonic and citric acid. The study included three factors as follows : The first factor is the injection of microelements with three treatments, injection with water only, symbolized by D0, iron injection at a concentration of 300 mg, iron sulfate. Palm-1, symbolized by D1, and boron injection through the use of boric acid at a concentration of 40 mg Palm-1 and symbolized by D2 , The second factor is the treatment of injections with the Jasmonic growth regulator, where it was injected three days after the injection with the microelements and with the same number of additions (0, 50, 100) micrograms. L-1 and symbolized by G0, G1 and G2 sequentially. The trees were injected with the microelements and the Jasmonic growth regulator before Immunization in 20 days, after vaccination in 20 days, and after 40 days. And the third factor was injection with citric acid and included three levels (0, 500, 1000) mg l-1 and symbolized by S0, S1 and S2 sequentially

Raghad Abd Alhamza Juameer , Ayad Assi Obaid

Effect of Sodium Azide (NaN3) on micropropagant and tolerance of  Salt Stress of Strawberry cv. Albion

Abstract: Sodium azide (NaN3) is widely used to induce mutagenesis within in  vitro plant systems.The aim of current study was to develop mutants of Strawberry cv. albion tolerant to salinity stress. plant regeneration from runner explant cultured on multiplication Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium contain 0.5 mg l-1 of 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 0.1 mg l-1 of Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and sodium azide (NaN3) as a chemical mutagens at concentrations (0.25.0.5) mM after 4 weeks , the mutagens shoots were exposed to differnet  concentrations of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) (6 , 10 , 14 , 22) ds m-1. The results revealed that the superiority of 6 ds m-1 of NaCl without mutation of sodium azide in giving the highest rate of the number of shoots reached 9.25 shoot explant-1 and giving the highest average length of shoots,which was 3.04 cm and the highest rate of fresh weight reached 3.197 gm ,while the treatment sodium azide led to decrease in the number of shoots upon mutagenesis with NaN3 at both concentrations and at all salt levels.A significant increasing of Sodium ion was observed in the shoots mutagenic with sodium azide at 0.5 mM and grown on a medium with 22 dS m-1 of NaCl, as it reached 42.90 mg g-1 and the highest calcium ion was 6.707 mg g-1 when treated with 0.25 mM of sodium azide with 6 dS m-1 NaCl ,It also gave the highest potassium concentration 31.50 mg g-1

Barazan. A. Mohammed Al-Mfarji, Omar . A . Ahmed Al-timimi  and Jassem M. Aziz aljubory

Relationship Among Mean Combining Ability And Standard Heterosis In Wheat (Triticum Aestivum .L)

Abstract: This experiment aims to study the wheat crop from (12) lines and 3 testers. All 36 hybrids  that resulted from this crosses were The result (36) evaluated for thirteen crossing, days up to 50% flowering to study the characteristics of plant height, number of spikelets/spike, leaf area, number of tillers per plant, number of spikes/plant, number of grains/spike, biological yield per plant, Grain yield per plant, harvest index, weight of 1000 grains, protein content, gluten percentage. using (line × tester) analysis The genetic cause of heterogeneity in wheat. He found that the combination of ability is important for heterogeneity and not for gene distribution. Based on performance per se and effect (gca), line L3 and test T2 were judged best for most traits studied. Among the hybrids, L8 × T1 followed by L2 × T2 and L10 * T2 showed a high gca and sca effect for most traits. The maximum positive significant heterogeneity was possessed by the hybrid L1 × T1 followed by L7 × T1 for most of the traits. The L8 × T2 hybrid was found to have a desirable performance based on it self, (sca) and standard heterogeneity for most yield attribution traits, and thus this hybrid can be exploited for further crop improvement.

Jamal Naser Abdel al rahman Alsadoon, Haidar Abd al Mahdi Kadim and Mustafa Iskander Zaid Al-Wardy                                         

Estimation of water consumption of maize under climatic conditions of middle Iraq

Abstract: Field experiment was conducted at season 2018 in central Kut district in Wasit Province, Iraq, with four treatments and three replicates in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) to evaluate the response of maize to different irrigation levels irrigated by basin-irrigation method. Irrigation water was applied as 50%, 75% 100% and 125% of evaporation from a Class A Pan. The results indicated that the highest ETc , total ETa and grain yield were found in 125% Epan (716.7 mm, 799.2 mm and 9.600 t. ha-1) respectively. While the lowest were found in 50% Epan. The highest water use efficiency (WUE) was found in Irrigation level (75% Epan) as (1.402 kg. m-3), and the lowest was found in irrigation level (125% Epan) as (1.202 kg. m-3)

Mahdi Salih Jsasim and Taghreed Hadi M. Al-Jurany

Effect of Adding Milk Thistle Silybum marianum Cereal to Naturally Contaminated Ration by Mycotoxins on Productive and Physiological Performance of Laying Hens  

Abstract: The aim of the  current study was to evaluate the effect of adding different levels of  milk thistle cereal powder to the ration naturally contaminated by mycotoxins on productive and physiological performance of laying hens fed. A total of 108 laying hens at 49 weeks old were used in this study. Birds were  randomly distributed to four  treatments each treatment with three replicates and  nine birds in each replicate. The experimental treatments were as the following :Treatment 1 (Negative control) fed standard ration, treatment 2 (Positive control) fed standard ration its content yellow corn was naturally contaminated by Mycotoxins (aflatoxins 87.58 ppb,T-2 toxin 1.13 ppb and Ochra Toxin 2.0 ppb ), treatment 3 fed as treatment 2 + Milk thistle 7.5 gm/kg feed, treatment 4 fed as treatment 2 + Milk thistle 15 gm/kg feed. The experimental period was 112 days. The results obtained showed there was supplementation  of milk thistle of contamination ration alleviated the adverse effects of mycotoxins significantly (P≤0.05) on egg prodution , egg weight,  egg mass and feed convertion ratio, as well on blood biochemical  (Immunity, Protein, ALT , AST , Cholesterol)  and histological indices of intestinal (Villi high, Crypts depth), while the experimental treatments had no significant effect on the concentration of uric acid in the blood.  Results from this study suggested that adding  of  milk thistle to the contamination ration by mycotoxins alleviated the adverse effects of mycotoxins on productive and physiological performance of laying hens

Estabraq H. alwan , Abd alnabe J ALmamory  and Naeem R Aljubore

Estimation Of Some Immunological Markers For Patients With  Hepatitis C And B Viruses With B- Thalassemia Major In Babylon Province

Abstract: Hepatitis C , B is a serious public health problem worldwide. Thalassemia patients depend on blood transfusions throughout  and are at high risk of viral infections. The aim of this study was  estimate the prevalence of hepatitis C infection and different clinical parameters of (HLA) in the multiplex thalassemia population. In this study, 66 patients with infectious complications beta thalassemia were enrolled and samples were collected from the Genetic Hematology Center at Babel Women and Children Hospital in Babylon Governorate / Iraq infected with HCV , serum ferritin, PCV and splenectomy were analyzed. The overall prevalence of hepatitis B virus and HCV was 3% and 55%, respectively,  100% of patients over 10-20 years of age had hepatitis C infection, and some episodes were presented by different HLA molecules,  by amolecule HLA from HLA class II (HLA-DR) and HLA cass I (HLA-G), In this study, we review the role of the molecule and several parameters along the HLA-G and HLA-DR gene in viral hepatitis, studies of hepatitis suggest that even Human leukocyte antigen contributes to the pathogenesis of the disease. HLA classification combined with the study  the regulatory elements of genes may help in understanding the influence of genetic background on susceptibility to disease

Sabreen H. A.  Alrubaiee , Mohanad A. alsulaiman

Effect of foliar application of Humic acid on some Growth proper-ties and forage yield of Oat cultivars (Avena sativa L.)

Abstract: A field experiment was conducted in winter session of 2019-2020 at Almahawil, 10 Km north of Babylon governorate, Iraq (32° 29' 0.0024'' N, 44° 26' 0.0024'' E). The aim was to understand the effect of foliar application humic acid on some growth properties and forage yield of three Oat cultivars (Avena sativa ),  The experiment include two factors, the first one is humic acid at three levels ( control, 2, 4 ml L-1) which they are symbolized by H0, H1 and H2 respectively. The second factor is three Oat verities, (Shifaa, Ganzania, Carlop). The experiment design was applied as factorial experiment using randomized complete block design with three replicates. The results showed that, Ganzania under foliar application of H2 concentration of humic acid gave the highest leaf area index and crop growth rate by 7.847 and 14.661 g m-2 day-1 respectively. Moreover, foliar application of H2 and H1 on Ganzania cultivar gave highest green forage yield by 22.733, 22.500 t ha-1 without significant differences from foliar application of H2 on Shifaa by 22.733 t ha-1. In addition, foliar application of H2 and H1 on Ganzania cultivars gave highest dry forage yield  by 6.106 and 5.902 t ha-1 respectively.

Hakeem, S. Abd. AL.Rekibe

The Application of Wheat Farmers to Modern Agriculture Technology  Related to Improve Crop Production in Thi-Qar

Abstract: The research aim is to determine the level of application farmers of Modern Agricultural Technology in the Improve of Wheat Crop Production in Thi-Qar Province. To conduct this study a multistage sample probability, proportionate of size (PPS) was used. The sample number was (75 farmers from Qalat Sukkar district and 105 farmers from AL-Rifai district and 45 farmers from AL-Shatrah district and 29 farmers from AL-Nasr district) (15% of the total number of farmers) it was 254 farmers. To collect the data by questionnaire techniques and interviews with the farmers were adopted (March to May 2019). The study has been revealed the highest percentage (62.6 %) belonged to the medium category in the level of application of modern agricultural technology in improve of wheat crop production. The application level of modern agricultural technology was significant and positive at 1% level of probability under six variables. There was multiple regressions analysis has been studies with ten variables such as social class, age, Education, Occupation, Farm power, Size of land holding, Family type, Family size, Social participation, Source of information utilized. This research has been contributed nine independent variables with significant level of variation to the extent of application level of modern agricultural technology in improve of wheat crop production (R2= 0.759). The importance's farmers of use modern agricultural technology with the parts (Soil preparation, Planting and crop service and harvesting processes and marketing) it was high according to (72.12, 70.72 and 68.41) respectively. For the purpose of analysis, the data were used the of  Frequency, percentage,   mean , Standard deviation .and  multiple regression analysis. According to the result the level of application farmers of modern technology in the improvement of wheat crop Production were found to be good. Because of most of them thinking of using modern agricultural technology, it will be lead to a reduction of cost and increasing the productivity, and saving the quality of the soil. The importance of farmers with the parts (Soil preparation, planting and crop service and harvesting processes and marketing) it was high according to (72.12, 70.72, 68.41) respectively. Because of this is process very necessary to improve the cultivation of wheat crop and to get high productivity and reduce the problems maybe it will happen during the  agricultural production.   

Bashar Adham Ahmed and  Hamza Sajid Khudair

Relationship Polymorphism of  STAT5A Gene in Performance Production of Local Goats

Abstract The study was conducted on a sample of 30 local goats in Diyala governorate / Canaan district in one of the goat breeders’ fields in the region, for the period from 13/11/2022 to 1/5/2022, with aim of determining the genotype of the gene STAT5A EXON-7 and Its relationship to milk production (daily milk production-DMP and total milk production-TMP) and growth traits (birth weight-BWT , weaning weight-WWT and total weight gain-TWG). The results of the analysis showed the presence of three point mutations (CC=18 CT=12 C47064T AA=17 AT=13 A47088T and GG=15 GA=15 G47162A). There were no significant effect of the genotypes of the three mutations on all studied traits DMP,TMP,BWT,WWT,TWG and body dimensions of the newborn at birth and weaning, body dimensions of the newborn at birth and weaning.

Ban salman kadhim AL-Mafragi

Evaluation of Dhiqar governorate's AL- Refaie district citizens' knowledge of fish meat eating

Abstract: the study samples group included a group of students, a lecturer, and other staff members in the Sumer university college of agriculture – AL- Refaie district. A questionnaire was adopted for purpose of data collection and took of range and ratio to each property. The results of the current study showed that the preferred consumption of fish is 50% in all seasons of the year and there is no strict use of fish consumption during the year. As for the preference for consuming animal protein from its sources, the results showed that the preference was for the consumption of poultry meat, followed by all types. In terms of the desire to consume caught (dead) or live fish when the purchase it was noticed that 62 % of people prefer live fish and 23% do not have a difference when buying. As for the information about the preferred weights for consumption and the method of cooking, 61% of the sample had simple knowledge of the types of fish and the preferred weight for consumption (1.5 - 2 kg) by 69% and approximately 61% of the people preferred the method of grilling fish over the rest of the methods. As a result, we must develop awareness campaigns in the community to raise awareness among people to have each of the traits studied and the advancement of society for better health.

Halima Z. Hussein, Kifah Hadi Radi, Shahbaa Hameed Majeed

The effects of various doses of a leaky isolation fungus (Fusarium solani) are handled in seedling okra plants that are 30 days old.

Abstract: the study samples group included a group of students, a lecturer, and other staff members in the Sumer university college of agriculture – AL- Refaie district. A questionnaire was adopted for purpose of data collection and took of range and ratio to each property. The results of the current study showed that the preferred consumption of fish is 50% in all seasons of the year and there is no strict use of fish consumption during the year. As for the preference for consuming animal protein from its sources, the results showed that the preference was for the consumption of poultry meat, followed by all types. In terms of the desire to consume caught (dead) or live fish when the purchase it was noticed that 62 % of people prefer live fish and 23% do not have a difference when buying. As for the information about the preferred weights for consumption and the method of cooking, 61% of the sample had simple knowledge of the types of fish and the preferred weight for consumption (1.5 - 2 kg) by 69% and approximately 61% of the people preferred the method of grilling fish over the rest of the methods. As a result, we must develop awareness campaigns in the community to raise awareness among people to have each of the traits studied and the advancement of society for better health.

Nisreen Riyadh Mahdi AL-Musawi , Moead E. Al-Gazally , Yasameen R. AL-Saffar

In type 1 diabetes patients, cholecystokinin-beta receptor, IL-27, IL-27 gene SNP, and other biochemical markers were examined.

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a main public health problem impacing more than 400 million humans around world. This metabolic disorder progressively drives to chronic microvascular, macrovascular and neuropathic life-threatening problems. DM is happened because of decrease of insulin secretion, harm of pancreatic β cell or insulin resistance connected to nonuse of insulin. Type – I DM The immune system by mistake going to attack the β cells of pancreas where genes play a vital role. The work designed to determinate the levels of anthropometric variables (age and BMI), immunological parameters (IL-27, IL-27 gene SNP), CCKBR and other biochemical parameters (HbA1C, cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL, VLDL, urea and creatinine) in sera of T1DM patients. The study contains 180 subjects who splitted in to two groups, the two groups are the healthy control group and T1DM patients’ group. The result recorded in this research showed that there is a non-significant (p>0.05) difference among control and patients in age, BMI,CCKBR, TRI, HDL,LDL, VLDL, A very high significant elevation (P<0.001) has observed in the level of IL-27, HbA1C, urea and creatinine, there is a high significant increase (p<0.05) in cholesterol, the gene SNP study shows a significant association of IL27 rs153109 with T1DM was observed under the allele model  (OR=2.124, 95% CI (1.349–3.345), P=0.00105),and under genotype model in dominant model  (OR=1.00 , 95% CI  , P=0.0016), recessive model (OR=0.35, 95% CI ( 0.12–1.02), P=0.043) and homozygous model (OR=1.00 , 95% , P=0.0037) . The study it is cleared that T1DM has an effect on the SNP gene used as a promoter to the excretion of IL-27 and increase its excretion, Lipid profile shows an effect on the level of glucose in blood and high level of cholesterol may cause a serious problem if it is combined with T1DM, the elevated level of glucose happened because of T1DM has an effect on renal and cause a serious conditions like renal failure and other renal dysfunction diseases.

Hussam Z. Naji  , Eman M . Hussain

Biological Activity of a Few New Thiazolidine Derivatives Derived from Schiff Bases: Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation

Abstract: In this research a new compounds were synthesized via the reaction of dichloroacetic acid with two moles of piperidine . The novel acid 1 was converted to its ester 2. Acid hydrizide 3 was prepared by reaction of hydrazine hydrate with new ester 2 which was later used to prepare derivatives of Schiff bases 4-13, at the last step Schiff bases and thioglycolic acid were reacted to give thiazolidine derivatives 14-23. All of these com- pounds were diagnosed by using of melting points , FTIR, 1HNMR and mass spectroscopy. Scheme 1 shown the all reaction steps and the structure of the synthesis compounds.

Fadi S. H. AL-Sabagh, Kais K. Ghaima, Alhan H. Sh.AL-Dabbagh

The antibacterial efficacy of the LL-37 peptide against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which was isolated from burn infections and is multidrug resistant.

Abstract:Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa has emerged as a major problem around the world, posing a serious hazard to patients with burn infections. Antimicrobial peptides produced from humans or animals, as well as synthetic peptides, have received interest as antibiotic options for treating resistant bacteria, particularly those obtained from burn patients. The current work evaluated the role of antimicrobial peptide LL-37 as an antibacterial agent against multidrug P. aeruginosa isolates from burn infections. The study samples were collected between November 2021 and the end of February 2022 and included 157 clinical specimens as burn swabs from patients with burn infections admitted to four Baghdad hospitals in Baghdad, Iraq.  The results of selective media, biochemical tests, and VITEK2 system identified 39 isolates (24.8%) as p. aeruginosa from all collected bacterial cultures. The findings of antimicrobial susceptibility test by disc diffusion method for the isolates under investigation revealed that P. aeruginosa clinical isolates were moderately resistant to the majority of the antibiotics tested. The majority of P. aeruginosa isolates were highly resistant to Tetracycline (89.7%) and Azithromycin (71.7%), as well as Amikacin, Cefepime, and Gentamycin. Also, the highest sensitivity was recorded for .Ciprofloxacin,Piperacillin/tazobactam,Ceftazidime and Levofloxacin. The results of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of LL-37 against (8) multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates revealed that the concentration range of LL-37 was (15.6-1000 µg/ml), indicating that LL-37 has a significant effect on P. aeruginosa growth at very low concentrations. In conclusion, the use of the antimicrobial peptides LL-37 in the treatment of life-threaded infections could lead to the development of a new generation of antimicrobials that can overcome bacterial resistance mechanisms.

Ali Fadil Alwan , Mohammed Abdul -Hadi Khalil Al-Souz and  Tareq Hafdhi Abdtawfeeq AL-Khayat

Treatment with dexamethasone's effects on pregnant women and their fetuses Guinea pigs' Thyroid and Adrenal Hormones

Abstract: Among the common small laboratory animals the guinea pig has an thyroid and adrenal hormones pattern most closely approximately that in human. Daily administration of  10mg Dexamethasone s/c from 55 days of pregnancy for 6 days resulted in a depression of fetal body and organ weight and depression of maternal and fetal plasma T4, T3, and cortisol concentration but an increase in fetal plasma T4 and T3 concentration rate suggesting enhanced de-iodination of T4. In human fetuses late in gestation rise in plasma cortisol may be not necessary for organ maturation. Considerable species differences have been observed with regard to the type of hormone secreted by adrenal cortex.

Omar M. Mohammed, Ahmed Ch. Al-Fahad

Brasinolide's impact on the vitality and vigor of sorghum seed cultivars during seed soaking

Abstract: A laboratory experiment was conducted at the Seed Technology Laboratory of the Department of Field Crops - College of Agriculture - University of Anbar with the goal of In order to study the effect of seed soaking with the growth regulator brassinolide on the viability and vigor of seeds of cultivars sorghum, using a Complete Random Design (CRD). The first factor was soaking the seeds with the growth regulator bracinolide at con-centrations of (200, 400, and 600) mg L-1 in addition to the control treatment (soaking with distilled water only) for the laboratory experiment with four repetitions, and the second factor was three varieties of maize White (Inqath and Rabah and Lilo). The experiment results revealed that the stimulus treatment with brassinolide growth regulator at a concentration of 600 mg L-1 was significantly superior, with the highest averages for most of the studied traits, including germination speed (73.33 percent), standard laboratory germination rate (94.43 %), root length (16.08 cm), and feather length (15.36 cm).Besides, seedling strength (2968.2) and dry weight (0.0545 mg) in comparison to the control treatment (soaking in distilled water only), which had the lowest averages for the parameters evaluated. In terms of cultivars, the cultivar outperformed the rest of the cultivars in most of the measured attributes, with the highest averages. The cultivar was a Rabah in terms of germination speed (67.72 percent), germination percentage (87.67 %), stalk length (13.21 cm), gesture strength (2371.1), and dry weight (0.0513). mg). The Inqath cultivar excelled in root length, recording the greatest average of (13.90 cm). In most of the analyzed qualities, the results revealed a significant effect of the interaction between the study parameters. Based on the findings of this study. It can be concluded that stimulating the seeds with the growth regulator brassinolide in general resulted in an increase and improvement of all evaluated features, which reflected positively on seed viability and vigour.

Rafil hameed rasheed , Rehab Faisal Ahmed

Oral symptoms of taking oral birth control pills (contraceptive pills) and their impact on lyophilized saliva

Abstract:  A woman susceptibile to oral diseases, at various stages in her life span . beside , the general health condition  is affected by multiple biological, behavioral, and social factors. The oral cavity & associat-ed structures can be influenced by many drugs or chemicals. An example theses drugs group are oral con-traceptive pills (OCS) which are widely used by women  to prevent  pregnancy; and determine  the number of children and hormonal therapy. The aim of this study to evaluate the effect of oral contraceptive pills use  on salivary secretion and composition in addition to the occurrence of any oral manifestations with the uses of these drug among women with aged 16-45 years. A total number of sample subjects are 51 women .The samples were separated  into two groups: The first group include   21 women  who are un married women who had no previous experience  with  oral contraceptive pills  (control group) while the second group con-sist of 30 women who are married and  using this drug (study group). This study is considered to be a com-partive study between these two groups was concerning the analysis of salivary composition, unstimulated salivary flow rates and PH level: The results that had been obtained from this  study showed a marked sig-nificant difference of salivary analysis between the drug user & non-user drug groups concerning the sali-vary flow rate while the PH had no statistically differences between them. However, there was a significant difference between two groups in alkaline phosphatase enzyme.  the salivary analysis showed highly signif-icant variations in  immunoglobuline A (IgA) & total protein levels in saliva between control & study groups, also in this study there was a positive association between gingival inflammation with gingival in-dex score (2) (80%), gingival index score (3) (100%) and duration for taking the drug. By this administra-tion of drug, the altered salivary flow rate & levels of salivary contents that include (secretary proteins, IgA and enzyme) may influence and plays important rule on  oral & dental health.

Hadeel H. Kadhum, Zainab H. Abood

Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin coding genes identified from patients with atopic dermatitis in Iraq by molecular analysis

Abstract:The present study determined the frequency of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins (B, C, Luk-pv) of atopic dermatitis isolated from (AD) cases in Laboratories of Baghdad.A total of 54Staphylococcus aureus isolates were subjected to primary identification tests by using various methods (cultural characteristic, gram staining, biochemical tests, vitek2 system).In this study, Antibiotics Disc diffusion was used in fifty four S. aureusisolates .Multidrug resistance (MDR) against different antimicrobial agents applied to polymerase chain reaction to amplify different genes coding for Staphylococcal enterotoxins including 3 types (seb, sec and luk-pv) ,To ensure that the sequences of these genes match NCBI, DNA sequencing was performed for isolate No. (3).As a resultof this study established that 25 isolates had a multidrug resistance (MDR) percent (46.2%) against different antimicrobial agents. And The results of DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction directed to amplify the specific enterotoxin coding genes;The results of this study showed that (seb) gene is present in isolates of staph aureus bacteria isolated from patients with atopic dermatitis 12 /25 at a percentage (48 %). and absence of the sec gene in all isolates of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from patients with atopic dermatitis,while The results of the detection of the luk-pv  23\25 (92%) gene encoded for lukucidin.Polymerase chain reaction usingdifferent primers is successful for identifying Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins (B , C)and luk-pv, luk-pv gene which was the most frequent.

Zena Nema Salomi , Zainab H. Abood

Pregnant Iraqi women's exposure to certain efflux pump genes of highly pathogenic uropathogenic Escherichia coli was studied molecularly.

Abstract:The present study determined the frequency of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins (B, C, Luk-pv) of atopic dermatitis isolated from (AD) cases in Laboratories of Baghdad.A total of 54Staphylococcus aureus isolates were subjected to primary identification tests by using various methods (cultural characteristic, gram staining, biochemical tests, vitek2 system).In this study, Antibiotics Disc diffusion was used in fifty four S. aureusisolates .Multidrug resistance (MDR) against different antimicrobial agents applied to polymerase chain reaction to amplify different genes coding for Staphylococcal enterotoxins including 3 types (seb, sec and luk-pv) ,To ensure that the sequences of these genes match NCBI, DNA sequencing was performed for isolate No. (3).As a resultof this study established that 25 isolates had a multidrug resistance (MDR) percent (46.2%) against different antimicrobial agents. And The results of DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction directed to amplify the specific enterotoxin coding genes;The results of this study showed that (seb) gene is present in isolates of staph aureus bacteria isolated from patients with atopic dermatitis 12 /25 at a percentage (48 %). and absence of the sec gene in all isolates of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from patients with atopic dermatitis,while The results of the detection of the luk-pv  23\25 (92%) gene encoded for lukucidin.Polymerase chain reaction usingdifferent primers is successful for identifying Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins (B , C)and luk-pv, luk-pv gene which was the most frequent.

Akram J. Hammood , Wasan Abdulrazzak Gharbi , Safaa Abdul Karim Abdul Razzaq

Relationship between IL-35 and viral load in Baghdad patients with type B hepatic hepatitis

Abstract: Hepatitis, including autoimmune hepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis, drug-induced hepatitis, bacterial hepatitis, viral hepatitis, and others, was a typical occurrence in clinical work. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), both non-cytopathic viruses, were shown to be frequent in liver damage. It has been observed that IL-35 is linked to a reduction in inflammation, and that it can limit T cell proliferation as well as the activity of its effector cells. The hepatitis B virus is a virus that causes liver disease. Serum IL-35 was shown to be higher in chronic hepatitis B virus patients, At the same time, research has discovered that Tregs and other cell types (such as activated myeloid, endothelial cells, and regulatory B cells) can secrete IL-35.The quantity of specific viral DNA or RNA in a blood sample is known as viral load count, and it is one of the potential biomarkers of hepatitis. A high viral load suggests that the immune system has failed to combat viruses. Real-time quantification of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA viral load is possible. Hepatic chronic, cirrhosis, and undetected patients is measured using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and non-invasive methods.In the normal course of HBV infection, HBV DNA is the only thing that survives. HBV DNA levels represent viral levels and derives from mature infectious particles. reproducibility.Various hospital-based and community-based case-control and cohort studies have repeatedly demonstrated substantial correlations between blood HBV DNA levels and the risk of liver cirrhosis and HCC.Chronic hepatitis B has a variable course in disease activity with a risk of clinical complications like livercirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. As clinical symptoms present in a late stage of the disease, identification of risk factors is important for early detection and therefore improvement of prognosis. Recently,two REVEAL-HBV studies from iraq have shown a positive correlation between viral load at any point intime and the development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma

Jaber Bander Zghair Al-Rawashi and Ali Hussain Salman, Ahmed Jawad Al-Yasiri and Jassim Kassim Al-Gharawi

Some immunological and histological characteristics of common carp fish are affected by the addition of different amounts of Moringa oleifera seed powder to the diet. L. Cyprinus carpio

Abstract: A total of 75 common carp fish with an average weight of 65.08±0.42 g were used. The fish were fed on experimental diets, was divided into five equal treatments in terms of protein percentages, different in the proportions of adding Moringa seed powder, was 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2%, respectively, the fish were fed on the experimental diets at 5% of the live weight, divided into 4 meals a day. The results of the liver histological examinations in T2 and T3 treated fish showed a significant improvement in the histological characteristics of hepatocytes and the contents of the liver tissue parenchyma, while it was observed that the liver tissue was slightly affected in the fish of the fourth and fifth treatments without affecting the health status of the fish. Histological examinations also showed the improvement and superiority of T2, T3, T4 and T5 treatment fish compare control treatment fish on histological parameters of small intestine and gill tissue, this indicates that the addition of Moringa seed powder to fish diets at low rates, it stimulated the immune system and raised the concentration of IgM and IgG immunoglobulins, to improving the tissue health status of fish

Jinan A.A. Al-Shibawi, Ahmed J. Al-Yaseri, Hussian M.K. Al-Dhalimi and Jassim K.M. Al-Gharawi

Impact of licorice and rosemary powder in the diet on several car-cass characteristics of local goats

Abstract: A total 12 male goats were used at the age of four months, the animals were placed in adjacent and separated enclosures. Treatments as follows: T1 (control), T2 adding 5 g/kg of rosemary leaves powder and  T3 adding 5 g/kg of licorice root powder, T4 (the mixture treatment), adding 5 g/kg of rosemary leaves powder and 5 g of licorice root powder, The results showed that the T3 and T4 treatments were significantly superior on live weight, empty body weight, hot and cold carcass weight and the dressing ratio calculated on the basis of empty weight compared to the control treatment, also, T4 was significantly superior compare with T1 on the total percentages of main cuts, while there was a significant decrease in the total percentages of secondary cuts in treatments T2, T3 and T4 compared to the control treatment T1. The treatments T2, T3 and T4 were significantly superior to the control treatment T1 in the shoulder ratio, while the neck ratio decreased significantly in T3 and T4 compared to the control treatment T1, The control treatment was significantly superior in the ulna segmental ratio compared to T4

Hadi Awad Hsooni Al-Burkat, Hussam Mohsen Jabbar Al-Khafaji and Jassim Kassim Al-Gharawi

The leptin gene's polymorphism and how it relates to the Awassi sheep's physical characteristics

Abstract: The study was conducted at the sheep and goat research station, at Al-Shatrah District, Thi-Qar Agriculture Directorate, Thi-Qar Governorate, from 1/11/2021 to 30/6/2022 for one production season. A total of 100 animals were used, consisting of 50 parents and 50 lambs, males and females, the ages of the ewes ranged from 3 to 5 years old. The sheep data used in the experiment were collected from the station records. The genetic part was also completed in the Marshes Research Laboratory at the University of Thi-Qar. The study aimed to the genetic polymorphism of the leptin gene and its relationship to the body dimensions of the Awassi sheep. The results of the nitrogenous base sequence analysis of the leptin gene indicated a size of 260 base pairs, with a change in location 119 in the studied area. The homozygous CC genotype was greater than the number of animals, the frequency of the C and T alleles was 0.65 and 0.35, respectively. There was no significant effect between the three genetic polymorphism resulting from the mutation at site 119 of the studied plot on the body dimensions of the newborns as well as at weaning.

Hayder Abdul-Hussain Mohsen Al- Mughair, Hassan Abbas Al-Waeli, Mohammed Hussein Noor Al-jana and Esra Rahi sihud AL- Hamdawi

Influence of humic and fulvic acid addition on soil N P K availability and broad bean output (Vicia Faba L.)

Abstract: A field experiment was carried out during the agricultural season 2021-2022 at Al-Muthanna Governorate, to study the effect of adding humic and fulvic acid in the soil on the availability of N P K in the soil, a simple RCBD experiment was designed with three replicates, it included the addition of a mixture of humic and fulvic acid (0, 5, 10 and 15) for L ha-1. The results showed a significant superiority in increasing the concentration of availability N.P.K in the soil, the H2 treatment gave the highest rate of 204.00 and 32.76 mg kg soil-1 for N.K elements, respectively. The H3 treatment also gave the highest increase in the concentration of major elements availability N.P.K in the soil after harvest, it reached 28.62, 14.30 and 155.00 mg kg soil-1, respectively . the highest individual yield was 169.00 g plant-1 when treated H3, compared to the control treatment, which amounted to 134.80 g plant-1

Haider Hameed Blaw, Hanan Habib Kaim and Jassim Kassem Al-Gharawi

Influence of sage leaf water extract on several economic character-istics of Chinese duck

Abstract: This study was conducted in a private field for duck breeding in Al-Muthanna Governorate, from 12/14/2021 to 02/14/2022. A total of 120 one-day-old chicks were reared from Pekingese ducks, with an average weight of 42 g, Ducklings were prepared from local markets in Al-Diwaniah Governorate, chicks were reared at a semi-enclosed hall with dimensions of 25 × 10 m. Chicks were randomly distributed into four treatments, each treatment was three replicates (10 chicks/replicate), placed at 12 Pens, the area of one pen was 1.5 × 1 m. The experiment treatments were as follows: the control treatment (T1), other treatments, were use the water extract of sage leaves at a concentration of 2.5, 5 and 7.5 ml per liter of drinking water, for treatments T2, T3 and T4 re-spectively. The results indicate that all treatments of the sage leaf extract gave the best results for the economic parameters compared to the control treatment. The T4 treatment gave the best economic performance compared to the rest of the treatments of the aqueous extract of sage leaves.

Khaled Jamal Karim Al-Awadi, Ibrahim Fadhil Al-Zamili and Jassim Kassim Al-Gharawi

The impact of fermented diet including Iraqi probiotics on a few productive characteristics in Chinese ducks

Abstract: This study was conducted in a private field for duck breeding in Al-Muthanna Governorate, from 12/14/2021 to 02/14/2022. A total of 125  one-day-old chicks were reared from Pekingese ducks, with an average weight of 42 g, Ducklings were prepared from local markets in Al-Diwaniah Governorate, chicks were reared at a semi-enclosed hall with dimensions of 25 × 10 m. Chicks were randomly distributed into five treatments, each treatment was three replicates (10 chicks/replicate), placed at 15 Pens, the area of one pen was 1.5 × 1 m. The experiment treatments were as follows: the control treatment (T1), other treatments, were use feed fermentation with Iraqi probiotics Vs. dry feed 25%+75%, 50%+50%, 75%+25% and 100%+0%, for treatments T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively. The results indicated a significant improvement in the average live body weight, weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion factor for ducks, which were fed by fermented with the Iraqi probiotics compared to the control treatment at the age of 4 and 8 weeks of the birds age.

Ghanem Bahlool Noni, Abdualla Kreem Jbar and Salwan Mohammed Jassim Almaliki

The impact of the type of bacterial inoculant used and the applica-tion method on corn growth and yield (Zea Mays L.)

Abstract: A study included the implementation of a field experiment using randomized complete Block design at the Agricultural Research Station - College of Agriculture - University of Al-Muthanna, to evaluate the effect of using the immobilization inoculant technique as a biofertilizer compared to apply the bacterial inoculant in the traditional methods by carrying it on zeolite. The results showed the superiority of the immobilization inoculant, regardless of the type of bacterial inoculum on the method of carrying on zeolites in all traits corn growth parameters, as well as the overlap of T. thioparus + B. Subtilis together over the bacterial inoculant for B. Subtilis while it didn't differ significantly in most of the traits. The study of the dual bacterial inoculant B3M2 superior in plant height, dry weight, bio-yield, grain yield, uptake amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the shoots and the concentration of available phosphorus in the soil. which is recorded 227.33 Cm, 321.23 g plant-1, 171.44 g, 7.68 t ha-1, 89.21 (kg N ha-1), 21.92 (kg P ha-1), 171.82 (kg K ha-1), 29.6 (mg P ha-1) Sequentially, the same treatment also achieved 99.6% compared to the recommendation of the full fertilizer in the grain yield.

Mohammed Radwan Mahmoud, Haider Rezaq Leiby and Husam S M Khalaf

Impact of ethylene gas and the amino acid tryptophan in two types of oat When soil is under stress

Abstract:  A field experiment was carried out at the Research Station, Agriculture Faculty, Al-Muthanna University.The experiment was applied using the split split plots design, according to R.C.B.D with three replicates, varieties occupied the main plots, amino acid tryptophan occupied the sub-plots and ethylene levels occupied the sub-sub-plot.The results showed that Shifaa Variety was distinguished in the harvest index. Results showed its distinction in the characteristic of the  Panicle number. The interaction between the varieties and the amino acids showed that increased the percentage of grain yield, and the Panicle numbers when the amino acid was added. The interaction of cultivars with Ethylene showed a decrease in plant height at 250 ppm and increase the Panicle numbers, the tiller numbers and the number of grains Panicle -1. As for the interaction of amino acid with Ethylene, the treatment of adding acid and concentration of 250 ppmwas superior with increasing some traits, including the number of grains Panicle -1, grain yield tons ha-1 and biological yield. While in the triple interaction, the treatment of (oat 11 × amino acid × the addition of Ethylene 250 ppm) were superior on some traits, including the increase in, the Panicle numbers and 1000 grain weight.

Saad K.J. Al-waeli , Majid H.A. Alasadi and Rabia J. Abbas

Effect of adding beetroot (Beta vulgaris rubra) powder and its aqueous extract to growing geese carcasses on carcass quality and measures

Abstract: The present study aimed to investigate the influence of supplementing beetroot (Beta vulgaris ru-bra) powder and its aqueous extract on the carcass quality and carcass measurements of growing goose. A total of 180 one-day-old goslings chicks of Chinese white geese were randomly distributed among five treatment groups containing three replicates of 12 birds each. Five experimental diets were formulated as fol-lows: Control diet without supplementation (T1). T2 and T3, the beetroot extract was supplemented at 15, and 30 (ml/ L) in drinking water; 15, and 30 (g/kg) beetroot powder (T4, T5) in basal diet respective-ly.Results indicate that the use of beetroot significantly improved all traits of the studied goose carcass com-pared to the control treatment, the addition of the aqueous extract at a concentration of 15 ml/ liter of drink-ing water and beetroot powder at a concentration of 15 g to the feed gave the best results and significantly compared to the rest of the treatments.

Jassim Kassim Al-Gharawi and Athraa Kassim Mohammed

Effects of licorice aqueous extract on the productive characteristics of Chinese ducks

Abstract: This study was carried out at a private field for duck breeding in Al-Muthanna Governorate, from 12/14/2021 to 02/14/2022. The field experiment was included to study the effect of adding aqueous extract of licorice to drinking water on the productive performance of Chinese ducks. A total 60 unsexed, one day Chinese duck chicks were used, prepared from one of the hatcheries in Al-Qadisiyah Governorate, were randomly distributed to 4 treatments, included 3 replicates, (5 chicks each replicate), the treatments were as follows: T1: control treatment. T2, T3 and T4 were 5, 10 and 15 ml aqueous extract of licorice /liter of drinking water. The results show that there was a significant improvement in all the studied productive traits (body weight, weight gain, feed intake, food conversion) at the treatment of licorice aqueous extract in drinking water, in addition to the high level of licorice aqueous extract (15 ml of licorice per each liters of drinking water), which gave the best results and significantly.

Jassim Kassim Menati Al-Gharawi and Nuha Talib Shareef Al Salman

Effects of local aloe vera oil extraction on various broiler carcass characteristics

Abstract: The study was conducted in the poultry field, the Agricultural Research and Experiment Station at the College of Agriculture, University of Al-Muthanna, to determine the effect of adding locally extracted and imported aloe vera oil on some carcass traits of broilers, from 22/2/2022 to 29/3/2022. A total of 405 unsexed one-day-old chicks of Ross 308 were used, chicks were randomly distributed with 45 chicks for each treatment, with three replicates of the treatment (15 chicks for each replicate), with nine treatments, which are T1 without any addition, as for the treatments T2, T3, T5, T4, the olive oil was a local extract, and the treatments (T6, T7, T8, T9) were imported aloe vera oil, the addition of oil was at the levels  0.3 and 0.4 ml per kg feed. The results of the experiment indicated a significant improvement on carcass traits for broilers (carcass weight, dressing percentage without giblet, the relative weight of liver, heart and gizzard, the dressing percentage with giblet, the main cut and secondary cuts) and deboning percentage. The treatments of the oil extracted locally showed the best results in a significant way compared to the rest of the treatments of the imported oil of the aloe vera plant.

Doaa Talib Munshid Kinanah, Muhammad Jodi Shahid

The impact on various growth parameters of Japanese quail of sub-stituting some local grass pea seeds for soybean meal.

Abstract: This experiment was conducted in the poultry field of the research station at the College of Agriculture and the Marshes of Thi-Qar University, from 1/11/2021 to 1/4/2022, to determine the effect of replacement different levels of gras pea seeds instead of soybean meal in the diet, and their effect on the growth parameters of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix). A total of 216 Japanese quail birds of 45 days old were used, distributed randomly to four experimental treatments and three replicates (18 birds/replicate). The treatments were as follows: T1: control transaction; T2: The birds were fed a diet containing 20% soybean meal with 10% local grass pea seeds; T3: The birds were fed a diet containing 10% soybean with 20% local grass pea seeds; T4: The birds were fed a diet containing 30% local grass pea seeds. The results of the study indicated that feeding quails on diets containing 20% local grass pea seeds did not differ significantly with the control treatment in some growth parameters (body weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion factor) for Japanese quail. Increasing the concentration of succulent plant to 30% in the ration led to a significant deterioration in the growth characteristics.

Alaa Ahmed Marzouk, Ibrahim Fadhil Al-Zamili and Jassim Kassim Al-Gharawi

The impact of including Iraqi probiotics in Chinese ducks' diets on some of their productive features

Abstract: This study was conducted in one of the private fields, from 6/12/2021 to 2/2/2022, to determine the effect of adding the Iraqi bio-enhancer to feed on some productive traits of Chinese ducks. A total of 75 unsexed one-day-old chicks of Chinese ducks, it was randomly distributed to 5 treatments with 3 replicates for each treatment (5 chicks for each replicate). The treatments were as follows; T1: control treatment, T2, T3, T4 and T5 were added the Iraqi probiotic at levels of 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 g/ kg of the basal diet, respectively. The results indicated that there was a significant improvement (P≤0.05) in the Iraqi probiotic treatments in the average body weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion factor compared to the control treatment during weeks 4 and 8 of the birds' life. T5 showed a significant improvement (P≤0.05) in total weight gain, cumulative feed consumption and total feed conversion factor compared to the rest of the treatments.

Adbul-Kadhum Dakhil Raysan and Ali A. Abdul-Kareem

Effect of genetic testing for CAPN1 gene polymorphisms on some productive and meat quality traits in broilers

Abstract: A total of 100 birds of commercial broiler Ross308, one day were used. The results showed the success of the amplification process for the studied segment of the CAPN1 gene through electrophoresis assay. Three genotypes, CC, CT and TT, were identified, whose frequency was 0.52, 0.34 and 0.14, respectively. C allele frequency 0.69, and T allele was 0.31. No significant differences on body weight and weight gain among CC, CT and TT genotypes. The results showed that there were highly significant differences (P<0.01) on the Water Holding Capacity (WHC) among the genotypes, CC genotype was superior to the CT and TT genotypes. Also, there were significant differences in the pH values (P<0.01) among the genotypes, CC genotype was superior to the CT and TT genotypes. There were significant differences on flavor between the genotypes, CC genotype was superior to the CT genotype, and the CT genotype was superior to the TT genotype. A significant differences (P<0.01) on tenderness, CC genotype was superior to the TT genotype, CT genotype did not differ significantly from the CC and TT genotypes. A highly significant differences (P<0.01) among the genotypes on the juiciness, CC genotype was superior to the CT and TT genotypes. No significant differences in color and general acceptable.

Ali Sabbar Fahad Al-Hussaini, Ali Hussain Salman and Jassim Kassim Al-Gharawi

Effect of varied amounts of ginger oil in the feed on common carp growth metrics L. Cyprinus Carpio

Abstract: The current study was conducted at experimental cages in mud pond, First Agricultural Research and Experiment Station, Agriculture College, Al-Muthanna University, to determine the effect of different levels of ginger oil to the diets of common carp Cyprinus carpio L., the experiment lasted for 82 days, including the 10-day acclimatization period. A total of 80 common carp fish with an average weight of 77±0.56 g was used, it was randomly distributed to 5 treatments with 3 replicates (5 fish each replicate). The fish were fed on experimental diets, was divided into four equal treatments in terms of protein percentages, different level of ginger oil, the percentage of seeds added to the treatments was 0, 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00%, respectively, the fish were fed on the experimental diets at 5% of the live weight, divided into 4 meals a day. The results indicated that there was a significant superiority of all ginger oil treatments in the growth parameters of carp fish, represented by body weight, weight gain, daily, specific and relative growth rate, the level of adding 0.50% of ginger oil gave the best results, compare with of all ginger oil treatments in growth parameters of carp fish.

Al – Maidi A. H.  & Asaad Kh. Daraj and Vdovina Y. S

Thermo-regulation Of Fuel In Diesel Engines Using Mathematical Models Yamz-238

Abstract: The technological scheme of the machine diesel engines used in agriculture  parts recovery process is provided by electric welding using the middle layer of the article. Experimental studies of the properties of coatings obtained after conducting electrode welding using an intermediate layer were described. The results of the studies are presented and analyzed. Technical and economical evaluation of the application of electric welding on the example of crankshafts of diesel engines used in agriculture . As a result, the main results of the studies are given.

Fatima Muhammad Abdul-Jabbar, Maryam Jassim Muhammad, Ali Hussain Salman and Jassim Kassim Al-Gharawi

Effects of varying safflower seed powder intake on some common carp development and blood parameters L. Cyprinus carpio

Abstract: The technological scheme of the machine diesel engines used in agriculture  parts recovery process is provided by electric welding using the middle layer of the article. Experimental studies of the properties of coatings obtained after conducting electrode welding using an intermediate layer were described. The results of the studies are presented and analyzed. Technical and economical evaluation of the application of electric welding on the example of crankshafts of diesel engines used in agriculture . As a result, the main results of the studies are given.

Mohammed Hammadi Mousa, Abbas Salim Al Machi, Saad Attallah Abdalsada and Jassim Kassim Al-Gharawi

Effect of additional oxytetracycline on some Chinese ducks' productive qualities

Abstract: This study was conducted in a private field for duck breeding in Al-Muthanna Governorate, from 12/14/2021 to 02/14/2022, the study was included the effect oxytetracycline on some productive traits of Chinese ducks. A total 60 unsexed, one day Chinese duck chicks were used, prepared from one of the hatcheries in Al-Qadisiyah Governorate, were randomly distributed to 4 treatments, included 3 replicates for each, (5 chicks each replicate), the treatments were as follows: T1: control treatment. T2, T3 and T4 were added 0.125, 0.250 and 0.375 mg oxytetracycline/ kg diet. The results indicated that the use of oxytetracycline significantly improved some productive traits of Chinese ducks, body weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion factor. Added the antibiotic to feed at a concentration of 0.375 mg per kg of feed gave the best results significantly compared to the rest of the treatments.

Rahman M. Msawil Al-Shouki, Asaad Y. Ayied & Amera K. Nasser

Relationship between various meat qualities, ten-derness, and Jenoubi and crossbreed cows' CAPN1 gene polymorphism

Abstract: A total of  139 calves of the Jenoubi breed and crossbred were used (73 and 66 calves respectively), their ages ranged between 2-3 years, from Thi- Qar governorate. Blood and meat samples were collected and tests were performed on them. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used, and the sequencing technique was used to detect the genotypes of the gene. The results showed moderate to high allelic frequencies that correlate with tenderness of CAPN1 gene. The two genotypes GG and AG showed significant variations (P< 0.05) in the majority of the sensory traits at sites 316 and 530, including tenderness, juiciness, and general acceptability. Additionally, the genotype GG within Jenoubi breed significantly outperformed in terms of pH, water holding capacity, and cooking loss, with values of 5.81, 7.65, and 49.76, respectively. While the GG genotype of cross animals at site 316 showed better water holding capacity and the cooking loss. As there are relationships between genotypes of this gene in different two sites, it might be used in the selection program of local and their crosses.

Abbas, Mayar, Hezam and Ahmed Majeed Abd Zaid

Serratia marcescens isolated from newborn meningitis in the Iraqi city of Diwaniyah: Molecular characterization

Abstract: The our study, was carried out to detect of virulence genes in Serratia marcescens , It has many virulence genes that cause nosocomal infections in immunocompromised persons and neonates . A total of 24/100 (24%) S. marcescens were obtained from neonates suffering from meningitis ,and, which,,were, identified,using, culture characteristics , biochemical- tests, and confirmed, by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique ,using16S rRNA gene . All virulence factors  including fimA gene that encode of type-1 fimbria, bsmB gene that encode of exo polysaccharide production, ampC that encode ß-lactamase enzymes were done using PCR technique. The results revealed that S. marcescens  isolates  have 16S rRNA gene at percentage (100%), fimA gene at percentage (54%), bsmB gene at percentage (71%) and ampC gene at percentage (100%).  Finally the DNA sequencing of  (fimA, bsmB,and ampC genes) was done using a DNA sequencer technique to determine the sequence of nucleotides. The results revealed the  similarities of the genes in local isolates of S. marcescens (98%) with S. marcescens isolates globally registered on the NCBI-Genbank website .

Ahmed Sobhi Khudair and Makarim Ali Musa

Comparison of the local black rice's grinding quality to that of anber 33 Rice

Abstract: The study aimed to evaluate the quality criteria of grinding local black rice and compare it with non-colored rice (Anber 33 variety). The physical traits of raw rice were studied, represented by the weight of a 1000 grains, specific weight, bulk density, particle density, impurities percentage and their impact on the husking process and the extraction rate of husked rice (the hulls removed), the results indicated that the Anber 33 rice had higher valuesfor these traits compared with local black rice. A manufacturing process (husking and grinding) was conducted for the two rice varieties, and the quality criteria of the husking and grinding process, and knowing the percentages of brown rice, outer shell, bleached grain resulting from brown rice, whole grains, broken grains and bran, the results showed that the percentage of extracting of the total bleached grains and the percentage of whole grains for bleached rice (removed the hulls) in the rice Anber 33 rice was higher compared with local black rice, while the percentage of bran and broken grains was higher in local black rice compared with Anber 33 rice. Anber 33 rice recorded higher values of the whiteness degree and hardness degree, whereas the local black rice recorded higher percentages ofprotein, lipid, ash and fiber.Removing of hulls for 25 seconds reduced the nutritional components of the two rice varieties, as the loss of components varies depending on the grinding period and the quality of the variety. The ground local black rice was distinguished by its retention of higher percentages of protein, lipid, fiber and ash, which were 6.4, 1.6, 1.8 and 1.1% respectively.Regarding the sensory evaluation traits,ground black rice for 25 seconds recorded the highest degrees of taste and texture and chewing, whilethe raw black rice recorded a highest degree of flavor.Regarding of the general acceptance degree and color, the Anber 33 rice model achieved the highest degree of these traits

Nada F. Ayyed and Raam Sh. Mahmood

Effect of spraying boron and vitamin B6 nanominerals on mung bean growth (Vigna radiate L.)

Abstract: A field experiment was carried out in the experimental field of the Department of Field Crops Sciences - College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad during the summer season 2021 to study the effect of spraying nano- mineral boron and vitamin B6 on the growth of mung bean crop. The experiment was carried out in the order of the factorial trials according to the RCBD randomized complete block design and with three replications. The first factor included spraying nano-boron at two concentrations (100 and 150 mg. l-1 )and metallic boron at a concentration of 100 mg. l-1  as well as the comparison treatment (spraying with water only), while the second factor included spraying Vitamin B6 in three concentrations (100, 150 and 200 mg.  l-1) as well as the comparison treatment (spraying with water only).The results indicated that the concentration of 100 mg.l-1 boron nanoparticles exceeded by giving it the highest averages for plant height, number of bacterial nodes, number of branches, number of leaves, leaf content of chlorophyll, number of flowers, number of pods, the lowest average for the percentage of precipitation and the highest average for the fertility rate, compared to the control treatment that gave the lowest averages. The results also showed that the concentration exceeded 200 mg.l-1 of vitamin B6 by giving it the highest average for each of the plant height, number of bacterial nodes, number of branches, number of leaves, leaf content of chlorophyll, number of flowers, number of pods, the lowest drop percentage and the highest fertility rate as compared to the comparison treatment that gave the lowest averages. The interaction significantly affected the concentrations of boron and vitamin B6, as the combination gave 100 mg.l-1 of nano-boron with 200 mg.l-1 of vitamin B6, the highest average for plant height and number of bacterial nodules reached 151cm and 12.53 plant node-1  compared to the comparison treatment, which gave the lowest average, while the combination between 100 mg.l-1 of  nano-boron with 100 mg.l-1of vitamin B6 gave the highest average number of branches and number of flowers compared to the comparison treatment that gave the lowest average.

Rawaa Noureddin Asaad , Hamdi Jassim Hammadi

Utilizing the chemical mutagen sodium azide, we created genetic variation and estimated several genetic parameters in bread wheat.

Abstract: Used in this study four cultivars of wheat (Abu Gharib, Barcelona, German, French ) and three concentrations of chemical mutagenic sodium azide (0, 5Mm,10 Mm) if the grains were immersed in the concentration above from the chemical mutagenic and for two hours. The grains planted in the field according to the Random Completely Block Design  (R.C.B.D )using the Factorial experiment system in the form of experimental units each repeater contains 12 experimental unit dimensions 2.5 m X 2m  planning experimental units by 10 lines per pilot unit,   the distance between the line and another 20 cm,  the fertilization process has been added by adding phosphate fertilizer P2O5 and rate of 200 (kg .ha-1) during agriculture and then add urea fertilizer with concentration ( 46%) N and rate 400 (kg .ha-1) on two payments when the plant arrives at the height of 7 cm and the second installment has been added before flowering D4 2 Pesticide was used and the hoeing process was conducted to control the bush. When the plants reached the stage of full maturity, random samples were taken from the plants grown in the field (10) plants from each experimental unit to study the effect of sodium azide NAN3 on some quantitative characteristics: the plant's height, the flag leaf area, the number of per spikes, the spike length, the number of per grains in spike, the weight of thousand grain and the grains yield. The results showed the presence of moral statistical differences for all studied characteristics.

Zainab  A. Salan , Sawsan A. Ali  and Alaa H. Sadoon

Mature camels (camelus dromedary) with one hump, described anatomically, histo-logically, and chimerically in southern Iraq

Abstract: rumen is the first chamber of the  stomach in adult of one-humped camel’s (Camelus dromedaries) for twelve samples was studied, An anatomical study showed that the rumen consists of three areas, a smooth upper and two sac on the side between them a muscular groove that divides the rumen into two halves, it is  connects from the dorsal side to the esophagus, while the ventral side is connected to the reticulum . The inner surface revealed simple zigzag folds formed as a result of filling and emptying  the food. As for the two sac, they contain a sphincter divided into main mucous columns that arise from the transverse groove and extend from these two columns another secondary column consisting of chambers or caves. Histologically: presence two types of ep-ithelium that make up the stomach tissue. The first type is the stratified squamous epithelial tissue that lines the dorsal surface of the rumen without dorsal bags,the other type is a simple columnar epithelium lining each of the glandular sacs.The lamella properia  appeared as dense connective tissue in areas lined with stratified keratinized squamous epithelium and loose connective tissue in areas lined with simple columnar epithelium. The study also found two types of tubular glands, small and large, in each of the glandular sacs and the tunica muscularis appears in the form of two layers  the transverse and the longitudinal muscle layer , the last layer of the serous layer consists of loose connective tissue and contains blood vessels and blastocysts, Fibrous layer surrounded by simple squamous tissue ,Histochemistry: Routine H&E staining was used to study histological layers, as well as Mason's stain to detect collagen fibers, and PAS stain for the detection of carbohydrates and mucin in the tissue

Saja M. Ahmed and Tareq K. Masood

Partial drip irrigation techniques' impact on the distribution of soil moisture and water potential, as well as the growth traits and yield of maize

Abstract: A field experiment was conducted during the autumn season of 2021 at the Agricultural Research Department station / Abu Ghraib, to evaluate the soil moisture, water potential distribution, and growth factors of maize crops under alternating and constant partial drip irrigation methods. In the experiment, two irrigation systems were used, surface drip irrigation (DI) and subsurface irrigation (SD), under each irrigation system five irrigation methods were: conventional irrigation (CI), and 75 and 50% of the amount of water of CI of each of the alternating partial irrigation APRI75 and APRI50 and the constant partial irrigation FPRI75 and FPRI50 re-spectively. The results showed that the water depth for conventional irrigation (C1) was 658.3 and 579.4 mm for the DI and SD irrigation systems, respectively, and the irrigation depth was reduced to 18% when applied APRI75 and FPRI75 and 37% when applied APRI50 and FPRI50 respectively. The moisture distribution differed ac-cording to the irrigation method, and the SD provided a higher moisture content and lower water potential due to the lower rate of evaporation from the soil surface. Also, the growth traits of maize varied according to the ir-rigation system and its methods. The SD system was significantly superior in the grain yield of maize with an increase of 5.4% compared with DI, as well as the alternating partial irrigation treatments were significantly superior compared with the constant partial irrigation.

Abeer Ali Kadhim  , Muntaha M. Al-Kattan  ,Ahmed M. Abou

Analyzing and Examining Smoking Effects and Oxidative Stress Markers in Seminal Plasma in Iraqi Infertility Men

Abstract: The oxidative stress (OS) and the sperm DNA fragmentation have been associated with sub-infertility in males and infertility due to lack of means of protection and defense (antioxidants) for spermatozoa, and an increase in reactive oxygen spices (ROS) related to wrong life style (cigarettes and hookah) or what also known as Shisha. The study included (90) men between the ages of (23-40) years, (60) infertile men who smoked cigarettes and hookahs, they were divided into two groups, the first oligozoospermia and the second astheno-zoospermia, according to the guidelines of the World Health Organization for seminal fluid analysis (SFA), 5th edition, WHO(2010). Each group included (30) smoking infertile males with a control group included (30) non-smoking fertile males. The study aimed to estimate the concentration level of Ascorbic Acid (AA) in the seminal plasma of two groups of infertile men smoking cigarettes and hookahs using enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) method, with calculating the concentration of Malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as es-timating the percentage of sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) using sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD), Halo view. In comparison with healthy fertile men of non-smokers of cigarettes and hookahs as one of the biomarkers of oxidative stress in infertile men in Nineveh Governorate-Iraq.

Ali Hammoud Raheef Al-Shammari, Amira Imran Hussein Al-Janabi

Chlorella vulgaris has been used in the biological treatment of some pollutants and heavy metals in municipal wastewater

Abstract: The aim of this study is to prove the ability of Chlorella vulgaris to treat some pollutants such as nitrates, nitrites, phosphates, ammonia, the chemical oxygen requirement and some heavy metals such as cadmium and copper present in the water of municipal wastewater treatment plants. Water samples were taken from Al-Rumaitha Central Water Treatment Plant, Al-Muthanna Governorate, Iraq. Contaminated water was added to the algal culture after the algae reached to the Stationary phase, after 10 days of growth. The tests were performed on the water after two periods of time, the first after 4 days of the algae reaching to the Stationary phase and the second after 8 days before the arrival of the algae to the Death phase The results showed a high efficiency of Chlorella vulgaris in treating polluted water. Where the percentage of removal after 4 days of exposure period was as follows, BOD5 86.6%, nitrate 62.9%, nitrite 14.7%, ammonia 94.2%, phosphate 86.2%. As for the heavy elements, they were as follows: copper 98.9%, cadmium 94.75%. While after 8 days of the treatment process, the efficiency of the algae was better than the previous days, where the results showed the following removal percentages, BOD5 88.4%, nitrate 63.7%, nitrite 23%, ammonia 97.9%, phosphate 87.3%. As for heavy metals, the percentages were as follows: copper 99.2%, cadmium 97.9%. The results of this study showed the efficiency of Chlorella vulgaris in the treatment process and its high ability to remove pollutants from water, especially nutrients and heavy metals, and thus green algae is a promising, highly efficient and environmentally friendly biological treatment technology.

Hajer Walid Khammas Jaafar, Ghid Hassan Abdulhadi, Mohammad Hadi Munshid

A comparison of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 as atherosclerosis risk fac-tors in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus from Iraq

Abstract: All major organs may be impacted by the connective disease systemic lupus erythematosus, which is also a separate risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Adhesion molecules like intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAM) and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) can be used to detect endothelial damage and dysfunction, which appear to play a crucial role. This study investigated whether people with SLE had elevated risk factors for both subclinical and clinical atherosclerosis. This elevation cannot be entirely explained by traditional CAD risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia; It is thought that immunological dysfunction also increases CAD risk in SLE patients. The study aimed to assess early endothelial changes in SLE Iraqi female patients without previous coronary artery lesions by exploring a potential relationship between circulating VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 as risk factors for atherosclerosis and the relationship of CAD with SLE disease and its severity; further, the study explained the effect of the hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) on the lipid profile levels of the patients. In total 92 female SLE patients were divided into mild, moderate, and severe, according to the SLE disease activity index 2000 (SLEDAI-2k), compared with 30 apparently healthy control individuals. All of them are without a history of CAD.  Serum VCAM-1, ICAM-1levels, VCAM-1/ICAM-1 ratio, TC, HDL, LDL levels TC/HDL and LDL/HDL ratios were measured. sVCAM-1, sICAM-1 levels and VCAM-1/ICAM-1 ratio were significantly and gradually increased in patient groups compared with control. Serum TC, HDL and LDL levels were significantly reduced in the SLE patients compared to the control, while the TC/HDL and LDL/HDL ratios were significantly elevated with the severity of the SLE disease. sVCAM-1, sICAM-1 level and VCAM-1/ICAM-1 ratio together with serum TC/HDL and LDL/HDL may offer an improvement in the risk categorization of coronary artery disease in SLE patients without acute coronary syndromes. Furthermore, they were more sensitive in severe SLE instances than the moderate and mild ones, suggesting that they may be related to the extent of coronary lesions in SLE patients. VCAM-1 had a higher sensitivity than ICAM-1 in detecting and severity screening for CAD in SLE patients.

Fatimah E. Alquraishi , Zainab N. AL-Saadi  and Jalal A.T. Al-Azzawi

Klebsiella pneumoniae Clinical Isolates: Phenotypic and Genotypic Methods for Detecting Biofilm Formation

Abstract: Infections caused by biofilm-embedded pathogens decrease the efficacy of traditional treatments and increase antibiotic tolerance. Most of the human bacterial infections are biofilm-associated. Therefore, this study aimed todetect the biofilm formation among the clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumonia that collected from different hospitals in Wasit province-Iraq by phenotypic and genotypic methods. A total of 525 clinical samples were used to isolate 77 K. pneumoniae strains from clinical specimens throw five months. They were identified by microbiological method as K. pneumoniae. Microtiter plate method used to detect the biofilm formation. Results showed that out of 77 K. pneumonia isolates, 76 (98.7%) isolates were biofilm producers with three different categories; 12 (15.6%) were weak-biofilm producers, while other isolates 63 (81.8%) and 1 (1.3%) were moderate and strong producers, respectively. However, 1 (1.3%) isolates were identified as non- biofilm producers. Amplification of genes by multiplex PCR technique was done for 77 isolates of K. pneumonia to detect biofilm production genes, mrkD and FimH. Results showed that out of 77 isolates there was 74 isolates (94.8%) positive to mrkD, 33 isolates (42.8%) to fimH

Ali Mohammed Jaafer and Ali A. Abdul-Kareem

Relationship between the SLC27 gene's polymorphism and some broiler carcass and economic factors

Abstract: This study was conducted at the poultry field, College of Agriculture and the Marshes, University of Thi-Qar from 10/11/2021 to 26/12/2021, and the Molecular Genetics Laboratories at the Marsh Research Center, to determine the FATP gene polymorphism on the some productive and physiological traits of broilers of ROSS 308. A total of 150 birds were used. The results of this study showed the following. The sequence of nitrogenous bases the presence of the mutation G237A, three genotypes were identified: GG, GA, and AA, it was noted that there were significant differences on the distribution ratios of the genotypes of the FATP gene according to the mutation G237A, where the genotype GA recorded the highest percentage, followed by genotype GG, and then genotype AA. The G allele frequency is superior to the A, it was noted that there were no significant differences for the genotypes of the G237A mutation on the body weight, no significant differences between the GA, GG and AA genotypes of the FATP gene on the body weight,  a significant difference of the genotypes of the G237A mutation on carcass weight, AA genotype outperformed the GG and GA genotypes, , the AA genotype was superior to the GA and GG genotypes on wings relative weight.

Amer Taha Khudhair and Qahtan Jamal Abdulrasool

Okra productivity and nutrient concentrations in the vegetative and fruiting parts as a result of mineral fertilization and fertilizer ap-plication sites

Abstract: A field experiment was carried out in one of the farms in the district of Al-Suwaira - Wasit governorate for the 2021 agricultural season. To find out the effect of adding levels of NPK and the places of addition on their concentrations in the vegetative and fruiting part and the productivity of the okra crop. Six treatments were produced from the fertilizers levels and the addition distances are C2D2, C2D1, C1D2, C1D1, C0D2, and C0D1 with three replications, experimental units become 18 units. A completely randomized block design (RCBD) was used in the distribution of treatments. The dry weight and root diameters of the plant were taken and the NPK concentrations were estimated in the vegetative part at the end of the season, as well as the NPK concentrations in the fruiting part of the first and last fairies, and the cumulative yield was taken. The results showed a significant effect of NPK levels on nitrogen and phosphorous concentrations in the vegetative and fruiting parts, while the effect was not significant on potassium concentration. The position of the fertilizer application did not have a significant effect on the concentration of NPK in the plant. The second level of fertilization C2 had a significant effect on the dry weight of the plant, while the fertilization levels had no significant effect on the diameter of the roots. Fertilizer levels had a significant effect on yield.

Haider Hakim Shamran and Hayder Abdul-Hussain Mohsen Al- Mughair

Impact of planting dates and potassium levels on sunflower grain yield and fullness (Helianthus annuus L.) Shamoos variety

Abstract: The study was conducted during spring season (2022), to determine the effect of early planting for four planting dates (18/1, 2/2, 17/2 and 4/3), and four levels of potassium fertilizer (30, 60, 90 and 120) kg ha-1, on the yield and fullness of sunflower grains, cultivar Shamoos, was carried out by arranging the split panels according to a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicates. The results of the experiment showed significant effects of planting dates on yield and its components, as the planting date exceeds D1 on the grain filling period, the number of grain filled, the weight of 1000 grains, the yield of the individual plant, the biological yield and the percentage of fertilization, the results of the experiment also showed a significant effect of potassium levels on yield traits, the K4 fertilization treatment gave the highest average of the duration of grain filling and the number of filled grains, whereas, the K2 fertilization treatment gave the highest mean for the 1000 grain weight, regarding the interaction between the two factors of the study, the results showed significant differences between the experimental treatments on the yield, the D1K4 interference treatment gave the highest mean of the grain filling time.

Adel Abbas Kareem, Hayder Abdul-Hussain Mohsen Al- Mughair, Qassim A.S. Al-Zayadi

Influence of phosphorous treatment and aspartic acid spray on a few aspects of oat Avena sativa L. growth and production.

Abstract: The experiment was carried out in the Abu Al-Fadl Forest Nursery, the Plant Production Department, Al-Diwaniyah Agriculture Directorate (3 km north-east of Al-Diwaniyah city) during the winter season 2021-2022, to determine the effect of four levels of phosphate fertilizer (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg P ha-1) and two concentrations of aspartic acid spray (0 and 200 mg aspartic L-1), on the growth and yield of oats Avena sativa L. Shifa cultivar. The experiment was applied according to a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) by a split plot, with three replicates. The levels of phosphate fertilizer were distributed in the main plots, while the concentrations of amino acids occupied the sub-plots. The results showed the following: the superiority of plants fertilized at the fertilizer level of 90 kg P ha-1 significantly on the number of tillers, the number of dahlias, the weight of a thousand grains g, the biological yield and grain yield, were given 532 tillers m-2, 468.58 dalia m-2, 46.76 g, 56.39 mcg ha-1, and 8.92 mcg ha-1, respectively, the results also showed that the plants treated with aspartic acid (concentration 200 mg L-1) were significantly superior to the number of tillers and the number of dahlias, it gave 527.75 tillers m-2 and 483.58 Dalia m-2.  The interaction between the two experimental factors (fertilization at a level of 90 kg P ha-1 and spraying with aspartic acid at a concentration of 200 mg L-1) had a significant effect on the biological yield and grain yield

Ahmed Hassan Miteib Hulw, Ali Hussain Salman and Jassim Kassim Al-Gharawi

The impact of various nutmeg concentrations on some common carp growth indicators L. Cyprinus carpio

Abstract: The study was conducted at special cages in mud pond, Agricultural Research and Experiment Station, Animal Production Department, Agriculture College, Al-Muthanna University, from 1/10/2020 to 10/12/2021to study effect of different levels of nutmeg on some growth parameters of common carp. A total of 100 common carp fish, Cyprinus carpio L.were brought from a private fish breeding lake in Al-Qadisiyah Governorate, Al-Mihnawiya District, with an average weight of ±.94 gm. 80 fish were selected and distributed randomly and evenly to the experimental cages, put in each aquarium 5 fish for the purpose of acclimatization, the fish persisted during the acclimatization period, which amounted to 10 days, were starved for one day and then fed with 1% of the weight of the live mass in each tank at the rate of two meals per day. The four treatments were T1 control, T2 0.005%, T3 0.01% and T4 0.015% nutmeg. The results indicated that there was a significant decrease in the final body weight, weight gain, daily growth rate, relative growth rate and specific growth rate in all nutmeg treatments compared to the control treatment.

Nasser Jassim Mansour and Abdul Mohsin Abdullah Radi

The impact of biochar and perlite on the soil's physical characteris-tics and capacity to hold moisture

Abstract: A field experiment was carried out in clay-textured soil during the agricultural season 2021-2022, at Al-Muthanna Governorate, Al-Suwayr District - Albugrad region, longitude ´´5. 16 ´36°31, and a latitude '0'. 52 ´ 27 ° 45, to study the effect of biochar and perlite on the physical properties of soil and the growth and yield of barley. The experiment was carried out according to a Randomized Block Design (RCBD) with two factors and three replicates, the biochar factor treatments included four levels of biochar at the level  (0% B0, 0.5% B1, 1% B2, 1.5% B3), while the treatments of the second factor perlite included four levels, they are the addition of agricultural perlite at the level (0% P0, 0.5% P1, 1% P2, 1.5% P3). Mixing biochar with agricultural perlite for all treatments with soil to a depth of 30 cm. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar Iba 99 was planted on 1/11/2021. Crop service operations were carried out from adding chemical fertilizers, jungle control and irrigation until the end of the experiment and harvest on 9/9/2022. The results showed the superiority of the B3 biochar treatment (1.5% biochar) on improving most of the physical and chemical properties of the soil, the average weighted diameter of the wet and dry sifters (0.92 and 4.74 mm), while the treatment P3 (1.5% perlite) recorded the highest total porosity of the soil (49.03%).

Ali Jamal Turkey Al-Saadi  and Sahar Mahdi Hayyawi Al-Rubay

Esche-richia coli O157:H7 Isolated from Sheep and the Influence of Lactobacillus paracasei (CNCM1-1572)

Abstract: This study was based on the importance of the effect of L. paracasei against E.coli O157:H7 that was isolated from sheep suffering from diarrhea in many areas of Baghdad (Abu-Ghraib , AL-Mahmoudia and AL-Yosifiya). All samples were cultivated on MacConkey agar, Eosine Methylene Blue and Sorbitol Mac-Conkey agar for E. coli isolation thenidentified by biochemical tests. out of 101 diarrhea samples, 100 isolates gave positive E.coli results. The isolates of L. paracasei were taken and cultured onconditions at 37ºC for 24 hours Man Rogosa Sharpe broth and incubated under CO2 (5-10%) for 24 hours, then recultured on MRS agar, examined by gram stain and then confirm diagnosis by Vitek2. Lactobacillus paracasei examined against E. coli O157:H7 by well diffusion method and measured the diameters of inhibition zone around colonies. Mice (white Balb) were used as laboratory animals model to investigate the effect and efficacy of L. paracasei to treat diarrhea caused by E .coli O157, 50 mice were  divided in to five groups. The histopathological examination for intestine noticed, the changes that occurred during infection with E.coli O157:H7 treated with probiotics.

Mohammed D. M. Saeed , Atheer A. Abdulazeez  and Hameed A.K. Al-Timmemi

Feline Calici Virus Isolation and Molecular Analysis in an Iraqi cat in Baghdad

Abstract: The feline calicivirus (FCV) is a highly contagious and infectious virus that infects cats and causes moderate to stringent respiratory infections and oropharyngeal illness. It is very prevalent in shelters and birthplace colonies, and it frequently infects kitten cats. 50 distinct cats were involved in the research, with samples acquired between October 2020 and January 2021. Swabs were taken from the oropharynx and conjunctiva, conditional on the signs of FCV disease septicity, to inspect viral nucleic acid from collecting samples, then extract the RNA from the swabs and turn it into a cDNA particle, and finally distinguishing the open reading frame nucleic acid gene 2 using a primer special for feline calicivirus, All specimens were taken in the province of Baghdad. Real-time PCR and the Ag test kit were used to validate detection and results showed 28 positive results from the rapid Ag kit out of 50 samples while RT-PCR results were 32 positive samples out of 50 samples, then isolation of the virus was done in CRFK feline kidney cell culture in the virology laboratory unit, the institution of the veterinary medicine university of Baghdad for more detection of FCV. Sequencing and genetic analysis were done and confirmed three isolates were related to highly virulent systemic disease and enteric feline calicivirus (E-FCV) form which was isolated in Italy

Hiba Riyadh Al-Abodi

Assessment of the variability of the hematological and biochemical parameters in giardiasis patients

Abstract: Giardiasis is one of the most important parasitic intestinal diseases, and its widespread in many countries. Therefore, it has occupied an important place among the priorities of public health. Children are the most vulnerable and affected by this disease. The current study was concerned with evaluating the physiological and biochemical hematological changes of affected children under 12 years of age in Al-Diwaniyah Governorate, middle of Iraq. Hemoglobin levels and the volume of compacted blood cells decreased in patients (10.4g/dL and 33.7% respectively) while the number of white blood cells to (7700cells/mm3), indicating substantial differences between the hematological parameters and the results of the control group. Regarding the quantity of cells, the investigation revealed a reduction of (64.1%) in the total number of cells. In contrast to the control data, the results showed a rise in the number of lymphocytes, eosinophils, and basophils, with respective percentages of (%28.4), (%0.6), and (%0.4). Monocytes were unaffected. The findings of the biochemical parameters demonstrated that the concentrations of liver enzymes varied significantly, with the concentrations of GPT and GOT increasing to(18.7) and (19.9)international units/liter. Additionally, variations in lipid levels, including lower levels of cholesterol and triglycerides, were discovered. In comparison to control groups, it reached (163.8) and (122.5) mg/DL

Nasser Jassim Mansour and Abdul Mohsin Abdullah Radi

Impact of perlite and biochar on barley growth and output in clay soil

Abstract: A field experiment was carried out in clay-textured soil during the agricultural season 2021-2022, at Al-Muthanna Governorate, Al-Suwayr District - Albugrad region, longitude ´´5. 16 ´36°31, and a latitude '0'. 52 ´ 27 ° 45, to study the effect of biochar and perlite on the growth and yield of barley in clay soil. The experiment was carried out according to a Randomized Block Design (RCBD) with two factors and three replicates, the biochar factor treatments included four levels of biochar at the level  (0% B0, 0.5% B1, 1% B2, 1.5% B3), while the treatments of the second factor perlite included four levels, they are the addition of agricultural perlite at the level (0% P0, 0.5% P1, 1% P2, 1.5% P3). Mixing biochar with agricultural perlite for all treatments with soil to a depth of 30 cm. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar Iba 99 was planted on 1/11/2021. Crop service operations were carried out from adding chemical fertilizers, jungle control and irrigation until the end of the experiment and harvest on 9/9/2022. The results showed the superiority of the B3 biochar treatment (1.5% biochar) in improving most of the physical and chemical properties of the soil, plant height, number of branches and total yield, the superiority of the B2 biochar treatment (1% biochar) in recording the highest weight of 1000 grains, the treatment of perlite P1 (0.5% perlite) was superior in recording the highest weight of 1000 grains, the superiority of the B3P3 interaction treatment in recording the highest value of the number of branches in the plant.

Amer Taha Khudhair and Qahtan Jamal Abdulrasool

The concentrations of N, P, and K nutrients in the vegetative and fruiting parts, as well as eggplant yield, are affected by mineral fertilization and the locations where fertilizers are applied.

Abstract: A field experiment was carried out in one of the farms in the district of Al-Suwaira - Wasit governorate for the 2021 agricultural season. To find out the effect of adding levels of NPK and the sites of addition on their concentrations in the vegetative and fruiting part and the productivity of the eggplant crop. The study included three levels of NPK and were given the symbols (C0, C1, C2) and two places to add fertilizer 10 and 20 cm next to the plant and they were given the symbols D2, and D1 sequentially. Six treatments were produced from the fertile levels and the addition distances are C2D2, C2D1, C1D2, C1D1, C0D2, and C0D1 with three replications, experimental units become 18 unit. A completely randomized block design (RCBD) was used in the distribution of treatments. The dry weight and root diameters of the plant were taken and the NPK concentrations were es-timated in the vegetative part at the end of the season, as well as the NPK concentrations in the fruiting part of the first and last fairies, and the cumulative yield was taken. The results showed a significant effect of NPK levels on nitrogen and phosphorous concentrations in the vegetative and fruiting parts, while the effect was not significant on potassium concentration. The position of the fertilizer application did not have a significant effect on the concentration of NPK in the plant. The level of the second fertilization C2 had a significant effect on the dry weight of the plant. Fertilization levels had a significant effect on root diameter and yield.

Shaimaa A. Shlash, Huda A. Saleh, Fatima Radawi Almashhady

Testing of blood antibodies in Hymenolepis nana individuals with and without symptoms

Abstract Hymenolepis nana is a common parasitic disease world spread mostly to children. The goal of the present study; is the circulation of anti-parasite antibody responses against H.nana in the symptomatic and asymptomatic IN children with assured hymenolepiasis examined in Al-Najaf province. Symptomatic patients were specifically used as followed; the existence of H.nana eggs in the feces with more symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, losing weight, flatulency, appetite loss, and nausea. anti-parasite of the humoral immune response had been measured by using indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) and ELISA. A significant disparity was noticed in the anti-parasite antibody of response when measuring by IFA of the asymptomatic and symptomatic patients there more than 37% of asymptomatic patients had titer 1:500 or lower and more than 28% symptomatic of patients had a titer of 1:8000 or higher. The circulation of anti-parasite overall IgM and IgA when measuring by ELISA is significantly higher in symptomatic than asymptomatic in patients, as regarding upper egg production showed in the symptomatic people.

Mushtaq Talib Al-Safi

Investigation of a few genetic and molecular markers for some Iraqi patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Abstract: Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder and genetic factors strongly contribute to a genetic predisposition to developing the disease. This study was conducted to evaluate the genetic and molecular indicators of some Iraqi patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The study included (100) patients with rheumatoid arthritis with (100) healthy individuals who attended Al-Hussain General Teaching Hospital, Department of Arthritis and joints Centre, al Blood Bank in Baghdad for the period from the beginning of January 2022 until the end of March 2022. The patients were diagnosed under the supervision of medical committees specialized in joint diseases. The human leukocyte antigen is one of the important genetic factors in regulating the immune response, as these antigens contribute to the susceptibility to disease. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II (Class-II- HLA-DR, -DQ) was genotyped using lymphocytotoxicity assay and PCR-SSP method. The results showed that there was a significant increase in the recurrence of human leukocyte antigens (DR4 R53,) in rheumatoid arthritis patients compared to the healthy ones, as well as an increase in the recurrence of human leukocyte antigens (HLA-DQ3) with a significant difference in rheumatoid arthritis patients compared to the healthy ones. Regarding HLA-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles, it was found that there was a significant increase in the frequency of HLA-DRB1*04 (01-22 not 0415) compared to healthy controls, while the percentage of HLA-DRB1*0701 alleles was less frequent in patients compared to healthy controls. Moreover, the frequency of HLA-DQB1*03(02,07) alleles was high in the patients compared to the healthy ones, while HLA-DQB1*0303 showed a highly significant difference in the healthy group compared to the patients

Mahmood Razzaq Mashar Askar, Zainab Waleed Jasim Al-Mashhadany

Association among Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and vitamin D shortage, hemoglobin deficiency, dietary habits, and other variations in children aged 6 to 18 years: cross-sectional investigation at an Iraqi children's hospital

Abstract: Background: Several studies have shown a correlation between Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) and vitamin D, but there is considerable disagreement. The goal of this study was to see if there was a relationship between vitamin D3 deficiency on the one hand, dietary habits on the other hand, and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in kid’s patients in a child hospital in Iraq. Methods: In 2022, in a child hospital in Iraq, a cross-sectional study was done on 1600 patients. A structured questionnaire used to collect information on so-cio-demographic and lifestyle variables, and a short food frequency questionnaire used to determine dietary patterns (FFQ). After a blood sample from the vein was taken, the H. pylori status (positive vs. negative) was identified. The stool and blood samples were all collected and sent to the hematology, chemistry, and parasitology lab for examination. Logistical multivariable to determine the relationship between socio-demographic, lifestyle, nutritional, and other factors, regression used. ith H.pylori infection, there are a number of health-related issues to consider. In this sample, the prevalence of H. pylori infection was reported to be 62.8%. The multivariable analysis revealed that the risk of H. pylori infection was higher among those are not follow a healthy eating habits, and their parents not educated. As the study found that Vit.D3 deficiency increased in girls more than it is in boys. H. pylori is associated with socio-demographic and clinical factors. Considerations more research is needed to determine the impact of diet on H. pylori risk.

Mohammed Abd Saleh and Dr. Jasim Mahmood Abed  

Investigation of the Fusarium oxysporum-caused watermelon wilt infection and testing of some hybrids' susceptibility to infection

Abstract: This study was carried out in the College of Agriculture, the University of Anbar, which aimed to diagnose the Fusarium exysporium, The results of the field survey showed the spread of the disease in all areas for the seasons 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 in the governorates of Anbar, Baghdad, Salah al-Din, and Babylon. The infection rate ranged from 20-66%. The infection rate ranged from 20-66%, and the results of the phenotypic and molecular diagnosis showed the presence of the Fusarium oxysporium in the isolated samples. The results of the hybrid sensitivity test ( Jocker, Natasha, Pasha) for the three most pathogenic isolates, as all the hybrids were sensitive to highly pathogenic fungi, and the isolates were All of them are highly pathogenic.

Azhar Imran Alawadi and Aseel Mohammed Al-Khafaji

Surface evaluation of commercially pure Tita-nium and Ti 13 Zr 13 Nb alloy treated with a CNC laser

Abstract: This study was aimed for evaluation of the surface changes of commercial pure Titanium disks (CP Ti) and the Ti 13Nb 13 Zr (Alloy) with zigzag pattern of laser surface treatment. In vitro, experimental study of CNC Laser treatment on the CP Ti and Alloy disks. texturing the surfaces of CP Ti and Alloy disks via using CNC laser, then the samples disks analyzed by usingsurface roughness, wettability and FESEM. the FESEMreveal proper increase in the surface texturing and roughness on macro and micro measures without crack formation or dramatic change of the core substance of the CP Ti and Alloy disks. the CNC laser considered an effective and suitable method for surface texturing of CP Ti and Alloy for dental implantology.

Luay Hatem Jalil, Abdul Sattar M. Segar

Eight instances of endoscopic tooth extraction from the nasal sinuses

Abstract: A set of eight consecutive cases of an intranasal tooth that was removed endoscopically over a period of 10 years will be used to characterize the clinical experience of the group as a whole. Reviewing the medical records of eight patients who underwent endoscopic intranasal tooth extraction at Baghdad medical city between the years 2010 and 2020 allowed for the performance of a retrospective study to be carried out. Following surgery, all patients had a smooth recovery and a full relief of their presenting symptoms. 3 months to 10 years, 3 months of follow-up (average, 6-year 3 months). A total 11 of extracted teeth were extra, and two were ectopic permanent canines. In our experience, endoscopic extraction of an intranasal tooth has good illumination, clear visibility, and precise dissection. Endoscopic intranasal tooth extraction is well-lit, clear, and exact. Endoscopic tooth extraction enables greater illumination, visualization, and dissection. We recommend utilizing a rigid endoscope regularly to treat intranasal teeth.

Salma A. Hjab Alsaaeidi and Ali B. Mohsen Al-Waaly

Patients with Covid-19 and intestinal parasites in the Al-Diwaniyah Governorate

Abstract: The study included a survey of intestinal parasites of patients infected with the emerging coronavirus, COVID-19 in Al-Diwaniyah Governorate, from October 2021 to June 2022, aimed to study the effect of Parasitic infection associated with Covid-19 patients in Al-Qadisiyah Governorate, by examining 211 patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-COVID-19), their infection was confirmed by Real time PCR method in the laboratories of Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital. The results show that the single parasitic infections were more common in COVID-19 patients, the rate of parasitic infection associated with corona disease was more in cities than in the countryside, males were affected more than females, the age group (31-50) was more susceptible to infection, the rates of infection with parasitic species associated with Covid-19 patients varied, as a higher level of infection was recorded with Entamoeba spp with 66.66%, dwarf tapeworm H. nana by 16.66%, Giardia lamblia parasite G. lamblia by 10%, and finally Ascaris lumbricoides by 8.33% and 10.33%.

Zahraa M. Kareem and Qanat M. Atiyea

Efflux Pumps, Biofilm Formation, and Susceptibility Testing of Escherichia Coli Isolated from Urinary Tract Infection

Abstract: Urinary tract infection(UTI) are infectious diseases of the urinary system ,that are caused by several causative agent ,including  parasites ,viruses ,fungi and bacteria . The most frequent cause of UTI is the bacteria Escherichia coli (E.coli). Antibiotic resistance in E.coli has been linked to overexpression of the efflux system. Our aim in This study was to isolate various bacteria from UTI and then select E.coli isolates to study the prevalence of the efflux pumps genes TetA and MdfA .This study included a collection 150 midstream urine samples from patients suffering from UTI (115 females and 35 males) with age ranged between(5-70)years . The results showed that only 100 samples exhibited bacterial growth , 72.5% referred to female patients ,while 27.5%  referred to male patients. Infection with bacteria occurred most frequently in the age group of 21-30 years. Bacterial isolates were identified by macroscopic and microscopic examination ,biochemical test and VITEK2 system ,the result showed that 40% of these growth were confirmed to be E.coli,19% Klebsiella pneumonia,17% Staph.aureus,13%Proteus mirabilis,7% Pseudomonas aeroginosa,2% Staph.saprophyticus,1%Proteus vulgaris and 1%Enterobacter cloaca .The results of sensitivity to antibiotics showed that UPEC isolates were  completely resistant to novobiocin and rifampin 100%,ampicillin 87.5% ,cefotaxime 85%, tetracycline82.5% , ciprofloxa-cin77.5% ,trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 50% ,gentamicin 22.5% ,nitrofurantion 17.5% and meropenem 2.5%. All of the isolates were multidrug resistance .the result biofilm-formation ability of E.coli isolates showed that 31/40(77.5%) of isolates producing biofilm were divided into three groups : 1 (2,5%) was strong biofilm for-mation ,4(10%) were moderate and 26(65 %)  were weak. The phenotypic detection of the efflux pumps was observed in 100% of the bacterial isolates at a concentration of 0.5 mg/l of ethidium bromide(ETBR). The prevalence of the TetA and MdfA efflux pumps genes were 72.5% each of them .The gel electrophoresis showed that the molecular weight of TetA and MdfA genes were 131bp and 403bp respectively.

Hussein Adnan Mohammed  and U.A. Al-Sari

Relationship between Osteoarthritis and Thyroid Dysfunction, as Well as with Physical and Demographic Features

Abstract: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a commonly prevalent and chronically complicated condition, which affecting different joints in the body of millions of patients, worldwide, leading to a cumulative effect over time. Due to few global prospective studies, this study investigated association of OA to bodily and demographic characteristics of study population and to demonstrate the levels of thyroid hormones in OA patients. Totally, 324 individuals; 162 normal (GN), 111 doubtful to minimal OA (GOA1) and 51 moderately to severe OA (GOA2) were subjected to this study during September to December (2021). For bodily characteristics of study population, the findings of age, height and gender showed that there were insignificance between study groups, but not in weight and BMI. Regarding demographic data, level of education, non-smoking and smoking, and non-arthritis and arthritis population were associated almost insignificantly to OA patient except for GOA2 patients who showed a significant correlation to OA when compared to GOA1 and GN. For chronic diseases, association was observed insignificantly between GOA1, GOA2 and GN of 1 and 2 chronic diseases, and between GOA1 and GN of 3 and 4 chronic diseases; however, significance was recorded in values of GOA2 in comparison with values of GOA1 and GN. For physical activity, significance was observed in values of low and high but not in medium activities. Results of without and with walking aids were variable significantly in particular in values of GOA2 when compared to GOA1 and GN. Findings of TSH, T3 and T4 of GOA1, GOA2 and GN were correlated significantly. Association of TSH to severity of OA was revealed an obvious significance in values of crude, adjusted 1 and 2 models. In conclusion, this study appeared to be the first Iraqi reports and furthermore studies are necessary due to significant association between OA and thyroid hormones dysfunction

Rand J.A. Jalebawi and Amer Hakeem Chyad

Evaluation of Capparis spinosa L. roots ex-antiarthritic tract's effi-cacy in fully freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in mice

Abstract: This study aimed to estimate ant-arthritic activity of Capparis spinosa L. roots extract in complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis mice by assessment of paw thickness, serological detection of inflammatory markers [rheumatoid factor (RF) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-)] using ELISA, and histopathology. Totally, 30 male mice were selected, prepared, and divided equally to five groups including 2 control (NC and PC)and 3 experimental; EG1 (arthritis mice treated full effective dose of extract), EG2(arthritis mice treated full effective dose of Diclofenac Sodium), and EG3 (arthritis mice treated a half effective dose of each the extract and Diclofenac). Clinically, the extract administration lowered the paw thickness from day 7th onwards the 21st day of study; while, the extract administration have lowered the paw thickness in EG1 from day 7th onwards as compared to EG2 and EG3. For hematology, significant decreases were reported in RBCs, HCT, Hb, WBCs and neutrophils due to arthritis, and significant amelioration was seen obviously in mice of EG1 as a result of therapy. Significant increases in values of platelets, lymphocytes and monocytes were observed in PC and experimentally groups, with significant improving for values of treated groups due to therapy, in particular, EG1. Values of MCV, MCH, MCHC, basophils and eosinophils of all study groups were differed insignificantly. Concerning RF, highest significant value was reported in PC while the lowest in NC, but without significance differences between values of EG1, EG2 and EG3. For TNF-, elevation had recorded in mice of PC; whereas, reduction in NC, EG1 and EG3. Also, value of EG2 was significantly higher than recorded in mice of EG1 and EG3. Concerning histology, the findings of EG1 were revealed a significant amiolration when compared to other groups. In conclussion, C. spinosa L. roots extract demonstrated anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity. Furthermore studies to detect therapeutic effects of the roots extract on other systemic or local diseases are needed.

Mustafa Kasid  Rawaa AlChalabi  and Faisal Harith

Association Between Biofilm Formation by UPEC and Serum Level of Several Cytokines

Abstract: One hundred and eighty-nine subjects from Baghdad enrolled in this study (110 female and 79 male) and gathered into two investigated groups; the first group consisted of 149 patients, and the second group consisted of 40 healthy individuals. Results revealed after clinical laboratory diagnosis of urine samples 12 (8.1%) gave a negative bacterial culture and 137 (91.9%) were positive culture while all urinesamples of healthy control were negative. Gram staining and microscopic examination of bacterial colonies showed that 11(8.03%) out of 137 isolates were identified as Gram-positive bacteria, 126 (91.97%) isolates as Gram-negative bacteria. After biochemical analysis and diagnosis by the Vitik system, the data demonstrated that all UTIs cases were caused by a single infectious agent and UPEC represented the most common bacterial agent, because of several virulence factors responsible for its pathogensity.The testtube method and Congo red agar mediumhave been used to detect biofilm formation. Results demonstrate that 129 (94.16 %) of bacterial isolates were producers while just 8 (5.84 %) were non-producers. The results of the micro titer plate method revealed that the isolates were categorized into four groups: Strong, moderate, weak, and negative. 22 (63.5%) were strong biofilm producers, 28 (20.449%) moderate producers, 14 (10.22%) weak producers, and 8 (5.84%) were unable to form biofilm. Serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 were estimated by Sandwich ELISA, which were significantly higher in patients with different types of UTIs than the healthy group. This study was concluded that the UPEC represented the most common prevalent agent of UTIs and more efficient biofilm producer bacteria. The test tube method is the best qualitative, quick, and easy detection method of biofilm formation, while the microtiter plate is the best quantitative and sensitive method. Positive significant correlation was found between biofilm formation and elevated serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines,which are proportionally increased with advanced and sever UTIsspecially in old persons

Ghaith A. A. Al-obaidy, Ali I. IlBas, Safae A. H. AL-kawthary

In Vitro Pathogenicity of Pseudomonas savastoni Isolated from Ol-ive Trees in Iraq on Fruits of Various Plant Species and its Detection by Polymerase Chain Reaction (BCR)

Abstract: In this study, after a field survey of olive trees in some northern areas in the Kurdistan region of Iraq and in the province of Dohuk, samples were collected for bacteria Pseudomonas Savastonifrom olive trees infected with olive knot from. The period from the beginning of March until the end of May,  for the diagnosis of Pseudomonas Savastoni. After activating the bacteria, we started inoculating the bacteria on the fruits of other plants such as carrots, lemons, beans, local apples and hidden apples. These fruits were subjected to the same environmental conditions of humidity, temperature and incubation period. However, no symptoms of infection of the fruits with this bacteria appeared, only the carrots were found to be infected with this bacteria after 13 days of incubation, but after 20 days, the bacteria had infected all the carrots. We isolated the bacteria again from the infected carrot and performed all microscopic, phenotypic and biochemical tests, and subjected the bacterial isolates to a device determined by using the VITEK2 system to identify the type of bacteria. Of bacteria and we conducted molecular tests on them, such as the test PCR and the test RT-PCR for the gene 16S r RNA, and after the results appeared, the isolates were subjected to genetic sequencing to ensure the occurrence of genetic mutations of the gene 16S r RNA.

Sinaa Sattar Jabbar and Hanoon Nahi Kadhem

Effects of soil potassium availability and absorption, perlite, and nitrogen levels on wheat plant development and yield

Abstract: This study was conducted at Al Majd area in Al Muthanna Governorate (Away from the city center about 5 km to the north), to study the effect of perlite and nitrogen level on potassium availability and absorption in soil, growth and yield of wheat plant, during the agricultural season 2022-2021. A factorial field experiment, according to a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. The experiment included two factors, the first factor is the addition of perlite with three levels (0, 1.5 and 3)% symbolized by B0, B1 and B2 respectively, while the second factor is nitrogen at five levels (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200) kg N ha-1 has the symbol N0, N1, N2, N3 and N4 respectively. The land was divided into plots, included 45 experimental units in three blocks, the area of the experimental unit (2 × 2) m2 The experimental unit included 8 lines with a length of 2 m, the distance between one line and another was 20 cm, leave a distance of 75 cm between one replicate and another. The seeds of wheat (Bohooth 22 cultivar) were sown on 11/11/2021. The results indicated the significant effect of adding perlite at a level of 3% by volume to the soil in increasing the ready potassium in the soil when adding the first and second batch of nitrogen and harvesting, the addition of perlite at a level of 3% by volume of the soil affected the growth characteristics of the plant, including the biological yield, grain yield, potassium concentration in the plant, and the absorbed amount of potassium in the plant, nitrogen fertilizer to the soil at a level of (150 and 200) kg N ha-1 had a significant effect on the increase of ready potassium in the soil in the first and second batch of adding fertilizer.

Fadel Shaker Hammood and Bushra Jasim Mohammed

The relationship between serum TIM-3 and TIM-3 gene expression in a sample of Iraqi patients with multiple sclerosis

Abstract:Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) caused by auto- reactive T cells against myelin antigens. T-cell immunoglobulin mucin -3 (TIM-3) is a negative regulator glycoprotein expressed by a range of immune cells, A defect in TIM-3 regulation has been shown in multiple sclerosis patients. This study was planned to investigatethe correlation between serum TIM-3 and TIM-3 gene expression in sample of Multiple Sclerosis Iraqi patients. Three ml of blood samples was collected from fifty Iraqi patents suffered from Multiple Sclerosis (men and  women) with age ranged between 20-57 years, and 50 apparently healthy volunteers as a control group; 0.25ml of blood put in Trizol tube  for RNA extraction,  subsequently  to estimate TIM-3  gene expression by one step RT-qPCR, and 2.75 ml of blood  placed in to gel tube  for  determination  TIM-3 serum  level by enzyme Linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) , the Statistical analysis was done by using program of Statistical Analysis System (SAS). There was significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) in TIM-3 gene expression for patients (5.30-fold) when   compared with control (7.86-fold). Moreover, the result demonstrated a high significant elevated (P ≤ 0.01) in TIM-3 serum level of patients (0.398 pg/ml) as compared to control (3.17 pg/ml. Furthermore, the findings showed acquire strong positive association between TIM-3 serum level and TIM-3 mRNA expression with significant differences. The current study concluded that the TIM-3 gene expression and TIM-3 serum level were high in MS patients, and there was a direct positive relationship between TIM-3 gene expression and TIM-3 serum level

Mohammad Yousif Mahmood, Nooruldeen Yaseen Khudhair & Yaseen Mahmood Rasheed

Heifers and multiparous cows are both affected by dystocia and its implications on the viability of the pregnancy.

Abstrac:Dystocia considers one of the most common obstetrical problems in cattle especially in heifers, the current study achieved to demonstrate dystocia impact on the viability of fetus in heifers and cows. The study involved 15 multiparous cows, aged 3-7 years and 10 heifers, these animals were suffered abnormality calving. The study showed dystocia higher significantly (P≤0.01) in 15 (60%) multiparous cows than 10 (40%) heif-ers, also the rate of difficult male birth was greater 7 (70%) than difficult female birth were 3 (30%) in heifer animals. Heifer had difficult male birth with anterior presentation of fetus were 5 (71.42%), higher than with posterior presentation fetus 2 (28.58%).One heifer cow (20%) had difficult male birth with flexion of elbow joint in anterior presentation alive fetus, whilst the heifer cows had difficult male birth with flexion of elbow joint dead fetus were 2 (40%) with significant difference towards dead fetus at(P≤0.01).The number of heifer had female difficult birth with anterior presentation and flexion of shoulder joint of alive fetus was 1 (33.34%), whereas one heifer (33.33%) with transverse presentation of female dead fetus and one heifer (33.33%) had difficult female birth with posterior presentation and incomplete extension of hind limbs alive fetus with signif-icant difference towards dead fetuses at (P≤0.05). The number of multiparous cows had difficult male births was 8 (53.34%), and those ones had difficult female births was (7) (46.66%). The multiparous cows have dif-ficult male births with anterior and flexion of elbow joints, with down deviation of head alive fetus and back head alive fetus were (37.5%), (12.5%) and (12.5%) respectively with significant difference among these cate-gories towards alive fetuses at (P≤0.01). The number of multiparous cows had difficult female birth with ante-rior presentation alive fetus and uterine inertia was 1 (14.28%), whereas the multiparous cows had difficult fe-male birth with anterior presentation and down deviation of fetus head was 4 (57.14%) (3 alive fetus+1dead fe-tus). with significant difference among these categories towards alive fetuses at (P≤0.01). The study concluded that dystocia is a common serious event in cows, the flexion of elbow joint and head down deviation in the an-terior presentation of fetus, are common types of dystocia, whilst the more common types of dystocia are in-complete extension of hind limbs in the birth canal in the posterior presentation. With variable effects of these types of dystocia on the fetal viability

Zahraa Khudhair Abbas Al-Khafaji , Hassanin sabah hashim , Maryam Jabbar Nasser and Mohammed A. Dabbi

Effectiveness of Pseudomonas mendocina in the biodegradation of pesticides containing chlorpyrifos

Abstract: At present, extensive varieties of pesticides are being used but the demand for Organophosphorus pesticide is increasing globally to control insects. Chlorpyrifos is a broad-spectrum, highly toxic, and chlorinated organophosphate insecticide that is synthetic in origin and is normally ester or thiol derivatives of phosphoric. The mode of action involves inhibiting acetyl-cholinesterase leading to the accumulation of acetylcholine causing neurotoxicity. Bacteria capable of degrading the pesticide, chlorpyrifos, were isolated from  soil contaminated with pesticides. In this way, three distinct chlorpyrifos degrading strains of p.mendocina were isolated, characterized using morphological and biochemical analysis. Strains were exhibited the greatest chlorpyrifos degradation rate reach to 100% and was consequently selected for further investigation. Degradation of chlorpyrifos by strains  were rapid at 20 and 37C. bacteria species  were able to effectively degrade chlorpyrifos in sterilized medium using high inoculum levels. The maximum degradation rate of chlorpyrifos was calculated as 100% during 6-12 days . Bacteria such as strain PC1, that use chlorpyrifos as a carbon source, could be employed for the biordegradation of sites contaminated with pesticides.

Yaser Ghanim Kesab, Mohammed Mahmood Khaleel and Raghad Naseer AL-Flayyih

Effect of Using Seeds, Oil, and Black Seed Meal on Japanese Quail's Productive Performance

Abstract: The research aims to effect of using seeds, oil and black seeds meal on productive performance of Japanese quail. Seven experimental diets were used in the study; T1 was the control (with 0% seeds, oil or black seed meal), T2 and T3 contained black seeds (BC) at two levels 0.80 and 1.60% respectively, T4 and T5 black seed oil (BSO) was added at two levels of 0.50 and 1% respectively, while last two treatments were T6 and T7 contained black seed meal (BSM) at two levels of 7 and 14% respectively. Mash feed and water were submitted ad libitum during whole period. The study include one stage; growth period (1-35 days old). This research was carried out at poultry farm, Animal Production Department, College of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq. A total of 588 desert color  Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica), unsexed at one day old of age were randomly distributed in seven previous treatments of six replicates with 14 birds in each in growth period. The results showed significant effect (p≤ 0.05) in body weight(g/bird),body weight gain(g/bird), Protein digestion coefficient(%), Preslaughter weight(g/bird), carcass weight(g/bird), for T3. While the data showed significant effect (p≤ 0.05) for T2 in water intake. The data confirmed the superiori-ty of the T3,T5 and T7 in carbohydrate digestion coefficient(%). Growth rate recorded significant effect (p≤ 0.05) for T3, T4, T5 and T6. As well as T3 was reported low significant effect (p≤ 0.05) on feed conversion ratio(g feed : g WG) and water conversion ratio(ml : g WG). The best net revenue(Iraqi Dinar : g WG ) were to T7 and then T3.  No significant differences were founded in all other traits in this study.

Salwa S. Muhsin, Montaha A. Al-Safar and Sarah A. Mahmood

Men's ND1 gene genetic makeup Toxoplasmosis and Oligospermia Affecting Couples' Infertility

Abstract: Introduction: Toxoplasma infection was higher in infertile couples than fertile couples, probably due to the presence of antisperm antibodies that were higher in couples with Toxoplasmosis ]4[.  Investigations of T. gondii infections in men with infertility showed that among 100 cases of men’s infertility, 36% were serologically positive for Toxoplasma-IgG and IgM. It has been concluded that T. gondii can affect men’s fertility and result in infertility. Materials and Methods: First, selective infertile males were asked about days of sexual abstinence. Samples of seminal fluid have been collected following a minimum of 2 days and a maximum of 7 days from abstinence, then every patient was given a clean, wide mouth, sterile, dry, graduated plastic and warm disposable container. The samples were obtained by masturbation in a private room near the semen analysis lab., so as to reduce seminal exposure to temperature fluctuations and to control the time from collection to analysis. Results: For ND1 gene, samples of 8 different fertility groups have been sequenced. These sequences have been compared to reference sequences taken from NCBI database. Several mutations in various nucleotide positions of the ND1 regions have been detected in samples from various group. The base substitution have been positioned on the nucleotides (nts) 3480, 3567, 3591, 3693, and 4216. The T to C evolution was notorious at nt 3480 in ND1 genes. The SNP was detected in an asthenospermatic human (Sample code: 010480).

Ali Kareem Juhi

Analyzing the hormone levels in Iraqi women with osteoporosis

Abstract: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the hormone progesterone and testosterone on osteoporosis in women and it was found that there are statistically significant differences for the hormone pro-gesterone and there are no statistically significant differences for the hormone testosterone. The concentration of testosterone in the blood and the concentration of progesterone were measured by ELISA method: (1):  Background: the purpose of the studyMeasuring levels of some hormones in osteoporosis Iraqi  women pa-tients: (2) Methods: Fifty (50) women patients with osteoporosis were admitting Baghdad Teaching Hospital with osteoporosis and 40 apparently healthy populations and it was conducted in Baghdad Teaching Hospital/ Bone density examination unit/ in Baghdad-Iraq. Endocrine testing Estrogen content was measured following the manufacturer's instructions using available human Uno ELISA kits (Immunolab GmbH, Kassel, Germany):  (3) Results: results showed that there was a significant difference (P-value of 0.0038) between the two study groups in progesteron. The mean of patient groups was mean±SD (6.759 ± 6.705), and control groups were mean±SD (11.03 ± 6.546): (4) Conclusions: The main factor that constitutes a risk factor for osteoporosis is the presence of more progesterone when comparing patients with healthy women As for testosterone, there are no significant differences; that is, it does not affect women

                                        

Zina Rashid Khirija AL-Badri, and Husam Jasim Hussein Banana

Effect of adding different levels of Artichoke (Cynara scolymus)  aqueous extract to Tris extender on the Motility, Viability and some characteristics of rams semen stored at 5 °C

Abstract: This study was conducted to show the effect of the aqueous extract of the leaves of Artichoke (  Cynara scolymus L.) to Tris extender and its effect on the semen traits of Awassi rams after preservation at a cooling of 5° C for different periods (0, 24, 48 and 72 hours). This study was conducted in the animal field and laboratories of the Department of Animal Production , College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad in Jadiriyah from November 15, 2021 to April 25, 2022. Three local Awassi rams were used in this experiment, their ages ranged from 2.5-3.0 years. The semen was collected from them by artificial vagina by one ejaculation/ram/week, for a period of 8 weeks. The semen of rams has been mixed in order to eliminate individual differences. The following tests were conducted in order to evaluate the semen characteristics for each individual motility, the percentage of viability sperm, total abnormalities, the integrity of the plasma membrane and the integrity of the acrosome .The results of the current study showed that the of addition aqueous extract of the leaves of the artichoke plant (Cynara scolymus L.) led to an improvement in most of the studied traits when stored in preservation. The results indicated a highly significant (P<0.01) for the treatments T1, T2 and T4, which amounted to (87.00 ± 1.86, 85.50 ± 2.02 and 86.87 ± 0.78%) compared to the control group (C), which amounted to (77.25 ± 2.11%), While the previous treatments did not differ significantly with treatment T3, which amounted to (81.87 ± 2.94%) in the percentage of live sperm during the 0 hour preservation period. While the results indicated that there were no significant differences between treatments T1, T2, T3 and T4 compared to the control treatment and for all periods (0, 24, 48 and 72 hours) in the individual motility of the sperm. As for measuring the biochemical traits of seminal plasma, The results of AST and ALT enzymes indicated that there was no significant increase between treatments during one period, while an arithmetic superiority occurred after 72 hours of preservation for treatments T1, T2, T3 and T4 compared with the 0 hour preservation period. It is concluded from the current study that adding aqueous extract of (Cynara Scolymus) artichoke leaves to Tris extender improved the semen quality of Awassi rams after preservation.

Hussain Abodi Nemah, Nagham Abbas Mohammed, Khawla Nihad zaki and Iqbal H. Abdulkareem     

Dynamical Fluctuation of Troposphere Height over Baghdad City

Abstract: Troposphere height has a wide interaction with other atmospheric components, it gives a good indication about what happened inside, therefore this work tried to investigate the heat rate effect on troposphere height especially after the global warming intensity and increase temperature degree rate along the time, thus the study covered 13 years to understand the real behavior of troposphere. Data of this work given from the European center for medium-range weather forecasting (ECMWF) over Baghdad city, the result showed that there is a fluctuation with troposphere height and the difference between a higher and lower point in winter was about (120 m) and that was higher than its rate on summer which was about only (30 m), also the result denoted that the fluctuation frequency becomes lower in the late of the study period. On the other side, the study reached to that the coherence between the temperature fluctuation and troposphere height fluctuation become higher in summer as compared with winter but in general the troposphere height recorded increasing trend over time of the study period.

Banan Hassan Hadi, Wajeeha Abed Hassan, Zainab Kareem Alshugeairy and Faez Fayad Alogaidi

Estimation of some genetic parameters of maize hybrids and parents under different plant densities (Combining ability for yield and some other traits for maize (Zea mays L.)

Abstract:  A field experiment was carried out in the fields of the Field Crops Department - Faculty of Agricultural Engineering Sciences. The study included five inbred lines  (ZM43W (ZE), ZM60, ZM49W3E, ZM19, CDCN5), given numbers 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) to study the hybrid vigor  and the both general and special combing ability (GCA,SCA) of the half diallel mating method. For the spring and fall seasons (2016). The genetic analysis shows that all crosses gave a positive hybrid vigor for grain yield per unit area at the two population densities. the highest value is 116.20% for cross (35 )at low density, and 89.22% for cross( 14 )at high density. The hybrid vigor for all crosses is positive at two densities for dry matter yield, crop growth rate and ears weight. The highest value is 81.31%, 96.30% and 131.45% at high density for these traits for cross (12) respectively. Also, this cross gave the highest value at high density for grain yield per plant (170.61%) and (85.43%) for no. of grain plant-1. The general combining ablity in two densities for all studied traits. The highest positive value was (48.949) for parent 3 at low density. All values of  2sca are more than values of 2gca, as well all values of 2D are more than all values of 2A. For this all h2n.s. were low. It is range from 1.88% for crop growth rate to 18.82% for no. of rows ear-1 at low density, and between -0.38 for crop growth rate to 41.42 for 300 grain weight at the high density. Because the values of 2D are higher than values of 2A, the values of the ratio of 2gca/2gsca were less than one, while the value of  (a ) ̅were mor than one. This indicates that all these traits are under influence of over dominance genes, and the important of the non- additive gene action and its large contribution to the inheritance of these traits.

Ausama Y. Salih, Hayder Kh. Ibraheem1

Effect of Gibbrllen Spraying and Humic Acid Soil Fertilization on Mandarin Saplings Citrus reticula L. Vegetative and Root System Growth

Abstract: This study was conducted in one of  lathe house that follows to station (B) in Horticultural and Landscape Design – Agricultural Engineering Sciences-University of  Baghdad (Al Jadria ), to investigate   effect of foliar spraying of Gibbrllen and soil application of Humic Acid on Tangerine Saplings (Citrus reticula L.). The experiment describes there were significant effect from GA and Humic acid upon most of vegetative characteristics like (Height of plant, number of shoots, number of leaves and percentage of dry matter in vegetative system ) ,also there were  an especial effect for two factors on  most Root tarts such as (root's volume, number of roots , root diameter and percentage of  dry matter in root system) and they have significant effect on rest leave chemical contents traits under consideration. On other hand the interaction between two factors has significant effect upon most tarts under investigation.

Ruaa Atiya Hadid, Reda Mustafa Abdel Hussein

Effect of potassium fertilizer addition and organic nutrient spraying on the development and yield of red cabbage

Abstract: The research was conducted at Research Station (A) of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad in autumn season 2022-2021 to know the effect of spraying the organic fertilizer Fertiorgan and adding potassium fertilizer on the growth and yield of red cabbage. The research was cabbage according to a randomized complete block design R.C.B.D and with three replications. The first factor included spraying with the organic nutrient (Fertiorgan) with three concentrations (0, 1.5 and 3 ml. L-1) symbolized by F0, F1, F2 respectively. The second factor included the addition of potassium fertilizer in the form of potassium sulfate at four levels (0, 100, 135 and 170 kg.ha-1) with a symbol K0, K1, K2, K3 respectively. The results showed the superiority of the concentration (3 ml. L-1) of the organic nutrient in the characteristics of plant height (47.53 cm), stem length (18.83 cm), a number of outer leaves (18.74 leaves. plant-1) and leaf area (1214.96 dm2.plant-1). The dry weight of the vegetative total was (225.92 g) and the total yield (45.53 tons. ha-1), and the level (170 kg. ha-1) of potassium fertilizer showed a significant increase for the same trait above, reaching (45.80 cm) and (17.72 cm) and ( 18.18 leaves. plant-1), (1171.02 dm2.plant-1), (208.11 g) and (40.48 tons. ha-1), As for the two working interactions, the interaction treatment (F2K3) was excelled in giving it the highest values for these traits, as it reached (52.62 cm), (21.39 cm), (21.55 leaves. ) and (1296.97 dm2.plant-1) and (248.33 gm) and (50.00 tons.ha-1)

Rafid S. Al Ubori, Alaa Ahmed Obaid

Study of the quality and viability of seeds from tillers in different varieties of Iraqi wheat

Abstract: The experiment was conducted in Babylon province, Al-Shomali district, during the winter season 2020-2021 in a clay-loam soil texture. to study the effect of cultivars and planting distances between rows and comparison between tillers and the interaction on growth, grain yield and their components in wheat crop. The complete randomized block design RCBD was used in the study to four cultivars of bread wheat (C1 : Buhooth 22 – C2 : French wafea – C3: S 483 and C4 :  IPA 99). The experiment was analyzed using the spilt plot design into complete randomized block design with three replicates, the cultivars were considered included main plot and the study of tillers in plants was the sub plot (T1 : main tiller – T2 : Second tiller and T3 : Third tiller). The most important results can be summarized as follows: The results showed the C3 cultivar excelled in plant height, number of tillers, flag leaf area, number of spikes m-2, spike length, number of grains per spike, biological yield, grain yield and harvest index, while the C4 cultivar was excelled in chlorophyll content and grain 1000 weight. The tillerring system showed the main tiller T1 excelled on the rest of the tillers in each chlorophyll content, flag leaf area, spike length, number of grains per spike,  grain 1000 weight,   germination power,  germination speed,  percentage of germination,  seedling weight and the percentage of protein, The interaction between cultivars and tillers appeared  C4T1 excelled in chlorophyll content, spike length and grain 1000 weight, while C1T2 excelled in plant height, C3T1 interaction in flag leaf area and the number of grains per spike.

Manal S. Mahdi, Raghad S. Mouhamad, Risala H. Allami, Khlood A. Al-Khafaji

Analyze the effects of canola oil nanoemulsion on a variety of biochemical indicators in obese Iraqi volunteers. Iraq.

Abstract: Obesity is a major problem in human health and increases the chances of various diseases such as type 2 diabetes, particularly heart disease, systemic hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular and certain types of cancer, and arthritis and authorities. Obesity is a significant health problem in human beings. The overweight, overweight individuals at various ages (50-65y) and the BMI (kg/m2) were >25 visiting Al-Mustansiriyah University/Baghdad National Diabetes Centre. The research period was between October 2018 and June 2019. This was randomised, controlled, uni blind test with a parallel design (1 control and 2 therapy groups) comparing the effects on 75 overweight individuals and obese during a 12-wk intervention period of standard Canola oil and nanoemulsion canola oil. In addition to the traditional Canola oil group (CCO, n=25) and the canola nanoemulsion groups (NCO, n=25) who used the customary dietary ingredients, the control group participants (CO, n=25). Confirmation of fatty acids showed that oleic acid affected the principal fatty acid by a mean percentage up to 61.6±5.78 followed by linoleic and alpha linoleic respectively, which represented 21.7±3.1 and 9.6±0.87.Nanoemulsion canola oil emulsified with a sonic effect by means of the tween 80 and a milipore 0,22 μm of tiny nonionic surfactant molecule There has been no change in the indices of body composition (body weight, fatty body, total slurry tissue and bone mineral density). Fasting glucose reduction seen following nanoemulsion canola oil ingestion. Experimental findings showed that no major fluid profile alterations between and between treatments. In both canola oil groups, however, LDL-cholesterol reduced compared to sunflower oil while par-ticipant intake HDL-cholesterol rose. On the other hand triglyceride in the canola oil group rose in the three groups with a similar total concentration of cholesterol. The leptin level in the nanoemulsion canola oil group was sig-nificantly less compared with the control group, but the leptin exclusion was not significant in classical and canola oil groups The leptin level was significantly reduced

Zainab G. Aljassim, Haitham M. Kadhim, Abbas S. Al-mizraqchi  

Evaluation of Pleurotus ostreatus's Antimicrobial Activity Against Selected Multi-Drug Resistant Bacteria and Fungi

Abstract: Pleurotus ostreatus or oyster mushroom, is a common edible wild mushroom characterized by its high nutritional values and promising diverse biological activities. It contains many bioactive components which have been found to possess several therapeutic functions. Because of the rising threat in the treatment of serious and resistant infections, there is a developing need to discover a new treatment strategies and compounds that can be used effectively to eradicate infections. This study aims to evaluate and measure the antimicrobial activity and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and Minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of Pleurotus ostreatus methanol and aqueous crude extracts on Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Mutans Streptococci, Lactobacillus, and Candida albicans. The antimicrobial activity of mushroom extracts was evaluated against ten purified microbial isolates using agar disc diffusion assay, and minimum bactericidal and fungicidal concentration assay. The results show that P. ostreatus methanol and aqueous crude extracts revealed antibacterial activity against the tested microorganisms and growth inhibition zone were formed. Methanol crude extract show more potent growth inhibition than the aqueous extract and in a lower concentrations. This present study shows that the tested oyster mushroom extracts possesses antimicrobial effects on different pathogens. Methanol crude extract of P. ostreatus revealed more powerful antibacterial and antifungal activity than the aqueous crude extract.

Zena M Hassan,Rana A Hamdi , Khalaf G Hussein Al.Mohammadaw , Rassmia Hbasal

Serum Pentraxin3 Levels in Iraqi Patients with and Without Diabetic Retinopathy were Measured

Abstract: Diabetic retinopathy is the main cause of vision loss worldwide and it considered asthe one of the most severe diabetic microvascularcomplications that affect the blood vessels in the retina due to prolonged hyperglycemia.Pentraxin 3 is an acute-phase glycoproteinthat correlated with inflammation. Inflammation is mechanistically involved in the development of diabetic retinopathy. The aim of this study is to measure serum pentraxin3 level in type2 diabetic patients with and without retinopathy and compare their levels to controls. Also, investigate the relationship between circulating pentraxin3 and development of diabetic retinopathy. This case–control study included one hundred and twenty (120) individuals with age range from 40 to 70 year.Individuals were divided into 3 groups: Group 1 included 40type 2 diabetic patients withretinopathy, group 2included 40 type2diabetic patients without retinopathy andgroup 3- included 40 persons as controls. Significant increase in mean value of serum pentraxin3 in diabetic patientwith retinopathy as compared to diabetic patients with and without  retinopathyas compared to and control(p=0.000) as well as significant increase in mean value of serum pentraxin3 in diabetic patient with retinopathy as compared to diabetic patients withoutretinopathy (p=0.000).In addition,significant positive correlation was found  between serum pentraxin3 level and HbA1C in diabetic patients with retinopathy group (r=0.936, p= 0.0001) . Higher serum level of pentraxin 3 in diabetic patients with retinopathy and its association with poor glycemic control as well as pentraxin 3 is an acute-phase reactant,soserum pentraxin 3 levels may have significant role in the initiation and development of diabetic retinopathy.

Abeer Mounir Abdel Hadi  and  Bushra Mahmoud Alwan

Effect of Palm Fronds Compost and Mineral Fertilizer Addition Levels on Fertile Soil Properties, Quality, and Productivity of Maize Yield (Zea Mays L.)

Abstract: An experiment was carried out in one of the fields of the Soil Research Department - Agricultural Research Department/Ministry of Agriculture in the Abu Ghraib district at latitude 33° 17" 31 N and longitude 44° 03" 56 E and 35 m above sea level. This field study was conducted in the autumn season 2021-2022 for the cultivation of yellow maize ( Maha cultivar) in sedimentary soil with silty clay loam texture, with a Split Plot Design. The treatments were distributed using the RCBD for three replicates with two factors. The first factor represents the main plots that include the addition of mineral fertilizer 120, 80, 320 kg.ha-1 for each of (N, P, and K), respectively at three levels (0, 50, and 100%) of the fertilizer recommendation. On the other hand, the second factor was a subplot of organic fertilizer (palm fronds compost) at three levels (0, 5, and 10) μg.ha-1. Soil samples were taken to estimate the availability of nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium, where the total yield and percentage of protein for yellow maize were estimated. The results showed that the addition of organic fertilizers (palm fronds) with the levels of mineral fertilizers achieved an increase in the availability of nutrients and the yield of maize. Accordingly, the treatment O2M2 achieved the highest values of nutrient availability, quantity, and quality of yield, reaching (59.167, 33.407, and 257.967) mg.kg-1 soil and (10,096) μg.ha-1 and (9.435%) for each of nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, yield, and protein percentage, respectively. Moreover, there were no significant differences between the treatments of O1M2 and O2M1 in the amount of yield and the percentage of protein, which gave the values of 8.403 and 8.134 μg.ha-1 respectively, and the protein percentage of 8.630 and 8.915% respectively. It can be concluded that organic fertilizers can be added to compensate for mineral fertilizers and reduce environmental pollution and reduce the economic cost and soil preservation because organic fertilizers are considered safe and environmentally friendly.

Ahmed Abed. Kadhem Al-Saedy , Mayssa .Jalal Majeed ,

Irisin's effects on the insulin resistance of diabetic patients in Iraq

Abstract: An experiment was carried out in one of the fields of the Soil Research Department - Agricultural Research Department/Ministry of Agriculture in the Abu Ghraib district at latitude 33° 17" 31 N and longitude 44° 03" 56 E and 35 m above sea level. This field study was conducted in the autumn season 2021-2022 for the cultivation of yellow maize ( Maha cultivar) in sedimentary soil with silty clay loam texture, with a Split Plot Design. The treatments were distributed using the RCBD for three replicates with two factors. The first factor represents the main plots that include the addition of mineral fertilizer 120, 80, 320 kg.ha-1 for each of (N, P, and K), respectively at three levels (0, 50, and 100%) of the fertilizer recommendation. On the other hand, the second factor was a subplot of organic fertilizer (palm fronds compost) at three levels (0, 5, and 10) μg.ha-1. Soil samples were taken to estimate the availability of nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium, where the total yield and percentage of protein for yellow maize were estimated. The results showed that the addition of organic fertilizers (palm fronds) with the levels of mineral fertilizers achieved an increase in the availability of nutrients and the yield of maize. Accordingly, the treatment O2M2 achieved the highest values of nutrient availability, quantity, and quality of yield, reaching (59.167, 33.407, and 257.967) mg.kg-1 soil and (10,096) μg.ha-1 and (9.435%) for each of nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, yield, and protein percentage, respectively. Moreover, there were no significant differences between the treatments of O1M2 and O2M1 in the amount of yield and the percentage of protein, which gave the values of 8.403 and 8.134 μg.ha-1 respectively, and the protein percentage of 8.630 and 8.915% respectively. It can be concluded that organic fertilizers can be added to compensate for mineral fertilizers and reduce environmental pollution and reduce the economic cost and soil preservation because organic fertilizers are considered safe and environmentally friendly.

Alhan Ali Salih, Sami A. Zbaar , Hassan Khuder Rajab

The impact of vitamin D supplementation in reducing metabolic abnormalities in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome

Abstract:  Aim to our study to investigate the impact of Vitamin D supplementation on the plasma glucose, lipid and other metabolic and endocrine parameter also to evaluate the therapeutic effect of Vit D and how improve insuline levels in patients with Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). From January 5th through June 10th, 2022, a follow-up research was conducted in Kirkuk. There were 80 PCOS women in the research, both married and unmarried, ranging in age from 15 to 45 years old. These patients were hospitalized to Azadi Teaching Hospital's obstetrics and gynecology section.in the present study, 80 PCOS was diagnosed based on the presence of two of the Rotterdam criteria: oligo and/or anovulation, clinical and/or biochemical signs of hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries in ultrasound, which were defined as the presence of 12 or more follicles measuring 2-9 mm in diameter in each ovary and/or ovarian volume greater than 10 cm3. All 80 PCOS patients were given a com-prehensive medical                                           examination as well as anthropometric meas-urements such as weight and height, as well as a generic questionnaire to fill out. The formula for calculating the Body Mass Index (BMI) was weight (kg)/height2 (m2). The mean of BMI for PCOS patients were 28.2 (Kg /m²) and mean for age 30   years. By our  study insulin level  decreased significantly at  P value (0.0045 )  with statically   no correlation  between vitamin D  and insulin after three months  of vitamin D administrate  , while  insulin resistance level  was  reduced significantly at P value (< 0.0001)  with negative correlation  between vitamin D and insulin resistance ,while serum  FSB level was  raised significantly at  P value  < (0.0001).ConclusionThe majority of women with PCOS that enrolled in this study were within the child bearing age, and the majority of PCOS women were overweight, Vitamin D was most deficient in PCOS women, in PCOS women hirsutism, acne, and irregularity of menstrual cycle were more frequently occur.

Maryam Qais Ahmed , Zainab A Razak Al-Sharifi , Faiq Gorial

A case-control study in Iraqi patients found a connection between soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells and rheumatoid arthritis.

Abstract: Rheumatoid arthritis is the most common inflammatory arthritis affecting 0.5 – 1% of general population worldwide. RA is one of the most important a chronic immune mediated in-flammatory disease that contribute to the deterioration of joints and musculoskeletal systems. The aims of the present study are to Investigate the serum levels of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells‐1 in Iraqi patients with rheumatoid arthritis and healthy controls, Evaluate the diagnostic utility of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells‐1 in comparison, assess their basal serum levels association with disease activity and assess their basal serum levels asso-ciation with Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the disease.Patients were admitted for the study between the period of December, 2020 till the end of June 2021. a total of 117 patients (27 males, 90 females; mean age: 50 years; range, 34 to 65 years) with rheumatoid arthritis the patients were divided into two groups inactive and active disease, based on DAS28 score and CDAI by Rheumatologist Serum levels of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells‐1 (Pg\ml) of active RA patients (270.17±187) were found to be significantly elevated compared to Inactive RA patients (112.81±37.48) and healthy controls (43.89±29.53) (P ˂ 0.001). soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells‐1   had an excellent ability to discriminate between RA and control (since its AUC ≥0.936). As a result, There is a positive relationship between DAS-28ESR and soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells‐1.

Murooj Nabeel Azeez, Bushra Mahmoud Alwan

Impact of implementing vermicompost, ammonium sulfate, and fertilizer batches on the yield and quality of summer squash as well as the levels of some nutrients absorbed

Abstract: A field experiment was conducted at one of the research stations of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences / University of Baghdad in Al-Jadiriyah region for autumn season 2021, located within latitude 33.27 north and longitude 44.39 east in Silty Loam soil with a split -split plot design with three replicates. To study the effect of adding vermicompost and ammonium sulfate fertilizers and batches on the yield and quality of summer squash, nitrogen fertilizer was added at three levels (100%, 0, 50%) from the fertilizer recommendation (0, 80, 160) kg N ha-1 (N0, N1, N2). ) respectively, using ammonium sulfate fertilizer containing (21% N) and organic fertilizer (vermicompost) were added at three levels (0, 5, 10) Mg ha-1 (V0, V1, V2) respectively, fertilizers were added in two batches after (10, 20) days of planting and three batches after (10,20 and 40) days of planting. The first batch was added after 10 days of planting. The concentration (N and P) in the fruits were measured, the amount of the total yield, the percentage of protein and the percentage of total soluble solids (TSS) and fruit hardness. The results showed the significant effect of adding vermicompost and ammonium sulfate fertilizers, the number of batches on the amount of nitrogen and phosphorous absorbed in the fruits, the total yield, the percentage of protein in the fruits, the percentage of total soluble solids (TSS) and the hardness of the fruits.The treatment P2V2N1 excelled and gave the highest amount of nitrogen absorbed in the fruits was 1995 kg N ha-1 and phosphorous absorbed in the fruits amounted to 172.10 kg P ha-1 and the highest total yield reached 21.53 Mg  ha-1 and the percentage of protein in the fruits amounted to 36.63% and the percentage of total soluble solids TSS amounted to 4.90% and the hardness of the fruits amounted to 10.27 B. From this, we conclude that by adding nitrogen fertilizer at the first level (N1) (80 kg N ha-1) and organic fertilizer (V2) (10 Mg ha-1) and in two batches (P2) we got the highest yield and the highest qualitative traits of hardness, protein percentage and TSS . Thus, we conclude that the organic fertilizer improved the qualitative traits and gave the highest yield and compensated for a part of the mineral fertilizer, as well as that the organic fertilizer has a role in raising the absorption efficiency of (N and P).

Rami Abdul Rahman Abdullah and Ahed Abd Ali Hadi Matloob

Biological management of the fungi that cause the disease known as "eggplant root rot"

Abstract :The study aimed to identify some causes of eggplant root rot disease after isolation and diagnosis in some areas of Babylon Governorate and to evaluate the efficiency of the biological fungus Trichoderma harzianum and extract of some plants in control the pathogens of eggplant seedling death disease. The results of the field survey that was conducted in the fields of eggplant plants in the province of Babylon showed the presence of the root rot of the eggplant in all areas covered by the field survey. Several types of fungi were isolated and identified from the roots of eggplant plants infected with root rot disease.The most frequent pathogenic fungi was Fusarium solani, followed by Rhizoctonia solani, then Macrophomina phaseolina. The results showed that all tested fungi isolates were pathogenic and caused a significant reduction in the percentage of germination of cabbage and eggplant seeds. The results of the pot experiment showed that all the treatments that included the biological factor and aqueous Acacia extract had a significant effect in reducing the growth of pathogenic fungi, especially when the treatments were combined together, as measured by the percentage of infection and the severity of infection in the treatment of pathogenic fungi F. solani, R. solani and M. phaseolina, Alone, the infection rate was 100.00%, and the severity of the infection was 76.67, 70.00 and 66.67%, respectively.The treatment of integration between the biological factor T. harzianum and the aqueous extract of Acacia achieved high superiority in reducing the in-fection rate, as it ranged between 11.11-24.33% and the severity of infection 4.44-15.00%.

Rana Qassim Mahood Issa and Batoul A.A. Abdulrahem

Effect of oily extracts on the chemical characteristics of meat that has been frozen Berker

Abstract:  In this study, the oil extracts of Swiss chard and watercress were prepared and the active substances were detected by qualitative and quantitative detection using the chromatography mass spectrome-try-GC\MS technique, calculating the percentage of its yield, then introducing the oil extracts into the preparation of bovine birch, and studying the effect of these extracts on chemical indicators such as the number of peroxide PV. And thiobarbituric acid (TBA), total volatile nitrogen (TVN) and free fatty acids (FFA) during the storage period (0,15,30). It was noted that the oily extract of chard and watercress contained tannins, carbohydrates, phenols, resins, flavonoids, saponins and alkaloids, but did not contain glycosides, between compounds, cou-marins, and extracts such as 18. With a number of active compounds in it, it was noted that the chemical indicators recorded PV (2.26,1.96)% mEq/kg fat and TBA( 0.43, 0.38)% mg Malone Aldehyde/kg meat TVN (2.46,2.38)% mg N/100 gm meat and FFA( 0.18, 0.17)% in beef burger to which the oil extract was added, which increased slightly and not significantly with increasing storage period and up to a period of 30 days, which led to change The chemical properties compared to the control sample.

Sarah  Kassab  Shandaway Al-Zamali  , Jawad Kadhim Tarrad AL-Khafaji ,Ahmed Asmar Mankhi

Interleukin 17A and interleukin -18 cytokines in Iraqi patients with active and latent tuberculosis

Abstract: Despite international control programs, tuberculosis remains a public health issue. People with latent TB infection (LTBI) significantly increase the number of active tuberculosis (TB) cases and carry a lifelong risk of developing the disease. Therefore, the present study aims to determine the changes in cytokine production at two phases during the development of active pulmonary  and latent tuberculosis infection  and to evaluate their role as predictive markers in active and latent infections. Blood specimens were collected from  60 patients with active pulmonary TB, 60 cases with latent TB infection and 40 healthy controls to obtain serum. ELISA kit for IL-17A and IL18  was used to determine the concentrations of IL-17A and IL18  according to the manufacturer's instructions (Elabscience  / China). The results of the current study found that the mean serum concentration of  interleukin-18 was significantly higher in cases with Active pulmonary tuberculosis compared to cases with latent TB infection and healthy control, respectively (P<0.001), also the mean serum concentration of  IL-18 was significantly higher in subjects with latent TB infection as compared to healthy control ( P<0.001). Also, The present study found that the mean serum concentration of  IL-17A showed an insignificant variation in cases with Active pulmonary TB compared to healthy control (P< 0.069). In contrast, the mean serum concentration of  IL-17A was significantly higher in subjects with latent TB infection as compared to healthy control(P<0.002)  and Active pulmonary TB (P<0.001). A comparison of latent and active tuberculosis cases may provide some insight into factors that shield them from disease development, as well as new insights into the roles of interleukin -17A and interleukin -18 at two critical stages of the M. tuberculosis infection. These findings suggest that IL-17A and IL18 play distinct roles in two phases of tuberculosis infection and can potentially be used to develop novel diagnostics. The IL-18 ELISA results revealed a highly significant difference between the three groups. All of this information allows to distinguish TB patients and LTBI from healthy controls. Furthermore, the current findings indicated that IL-17A could be  alternative biomarker for LTBI diagnosis.

Sineen S. Al-Shammari , Faiza M. Abdul-Ameer

The effects of adding lemongrass essential oil on some of the properties of heat-cured acrylic resin

Abstract: Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) has been used as a model for many different dental materials. However, PMMA appliances and products don't have the best mechanical properties. Various fillers and oils such as bergamot essential oil, thymol, eucalyptus, meramia, and ginger have been added to address this issue. So, this study looked at what happened when lemongrass essential oil (LGEO) was added to heat-cured PMMA denture base material and how it changed the properties of PMMA. Methods: 120 samples were prepared and split into four equal groups based on the tests that were done (the transverse strength, impact strength, surface roughness, and surface hardness), and each group their specimens were prepared and divided into three groups; control 0 vol.% without additive and two experimental groups (with 2.5 vol. % LGEO additive, with 5 vol. % LGEO additive) Results: The addition of 5 vol. % LGEO has the best effect on the acrylic's improved mechanical and physical properties (transverse strength, impact strength, and surface roughness) except for the surface hardness, which is less affected with the addition of 2.5 vol. % LGEO at p < 0.05. Conclusion: By adding LGEO to heat-curing acrylic material, it is possible to make a material with better mechanical and physical properties

Anwer Hilal Alsarray1, Hedef Dhafir El-Yassin, Ali Muhammed Jawad                 

Glutathione, super oxide dismutase, and serum ferritin levels in thalassemia patients are evaluated

Abstract: thalassemia is inherited disease cause by mutation in beta globin gen thereby anemia as risk factor for patients life, The thalassemia patients, beta thalassemia, must be on blood transfusion long life so caused iron over load that accumulation in organs of body and cause degeneration. The assessment level of antioxidant as super oxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH)and compared with level of ferritin are important to improve the lifestyle to patients with thalassemia.since the SOD,GSH responsible on oxidative balance so it’s important to asseement the level of SOD and GSH.

Maher Nazim Karim Al-Fatlawy , Raid Shaalan Jarallah

Study of the mineral makeup of the sand dunes in the Iraqi region of Al-Diwaniyah

Abstract: In order to study the mineral composition of sand dunes in Al-Diwaniyah province / Iraq, two locations were identified, the first location was in Al-Bdeir district and the second location was in the Al-Shanafiya district. The samples were taken from the study areas to a depth of (0-30) and after being transferred to the laboratory, they passed through a sieve with a hole diameter of 2 mm for the purpose of conducting chemical and physical analyzes. Also, the soil was separated into sand with a 50-micron sieve, clay and silt by sedimentation method, and then the sand and silt minerals were diagnosed by X-ray and their percentages were determined by a point-counting method. As for the separated clay, it was diagnosed by saturating the sample with magnesium, air drying, saturating with ethylene glycol, saturating with magnesium and heating to a temperature of 350 and 550 degrees Celsius. The results show the following: The results of the x-rays of the sand dunes separated by sand in Al-Bdeir district showed the presence of quartz (52.7%), calcite (18.3%), Dolomite (1.6%), Albit (26.1%), Antigurite (5.1), gypsum (0.2), magnetite (2.7), and kaolinite (3.0). ), chlorite (1.0%), Ilite (2.3%), Palligorskite (3.2%), Vermiculite (3.2%), and silt separated. The proportions of Quartz minerals were 42.1% and Calcite (26.2%).Dolomite (6.6%), Albite (15.5%), gypsum (2.0%), magnetite (2.8%), Hematite (1.6%), orthoclase (2.3%), Kaolinite (3.8%), Chlorite (0.4%).and the Ilite ((9.2%) and the clay part contained the minerals Montmorillonite, Chlorite, Ilite and kaolinite. The sand is separated in the sand dunes in Al- Shanafiya district. The proportions of the minerals quartz (29.3), calcite ((21.2) and dolomite)) were 29.1 ,The Albite (22.7), Antigurite (5.9), gypsum (2.7), magnetite (2.8), kaolinite (3.6), chlorite ((1.1), Ilite ((3.0), Pallygorskite ((3.2), and Vermiculite (0.1).

Yusra A. Radeef, Anmar Mahdi Kadhum AL-Maamori

A comparison of the impact of antibiotics and nanoparticles on the antimicrobial resistance of certain bacteria isolated from infections infected wounds and burns

Abstract: This study aim to investigate isolation and identification of potential  bacteria present in burns   and wounds infections, the total number of 100 pus types were taken  from many patients who was existing in the hospital of Babylon province  through period from November 2021 to February 2022; the positive culture were 80% of total  isolates while the negative culture were 20% of total  isolates. After we were done on them macroscopic, microscopic and biochemical test, the bacteria isolated from burn and wound swabs. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of the isolates was done using disc diffusion method in conformity with McFarland standards. MDR of different types of antibiotics was exhibited from bacteria isolated in actual research.  Statistical analysis using chi-square test the central objective of this research is to use different concentration of Zinc oxide nanoparticles to obtain the optimum concentration that is anti- bacterial. Male constituted (37.5%) and female were (62.5%), with different ages ranging from 5 to 55 years. The high percentage was in age less than ten years old, while the less percentage was in age between (50_60) years old, and were Gram negative bacteria were most common, the concentration of Zinc oxide nanoparticles including 100 μg/ml. and 150 μg/ml which effecting to growth of gram positive and gram negative by measuring diameter of inhibition zone on growth culture that artificial to Gram positive and Gram-negative bacteria throughout measuring inhibition zone around the wells. We observed the diameter of inhibition zone increased in concentration (150) μg/ml more than concentration (100) μg/ml. The results of actual study showed women compared to males of positive growth and  the ages. Multi Drug Resistance bacteria.  Zinc oxide nanoparticles has important applications as it is an anti _bacterial  and works as an effective dressing for burns and wounds.

Aseel F. Kumail , Thekra I. Hamad

Evaluation of certain Mechanical Properties of Maxillofacial Silicone at Room Temperature Following the Addition of Nano Barium Titanate.

Abstract: Background: Because facial prostheses are used to replace a missing piece of the face, they must be made of a material that is comparable to the soft tissues and skin in the surrounding area. Investigations have revealed that the maxillofacial silicone elastomer is often used for this purpose due to its biocompatibility, ca-pacity to be easily colored by intrinsic or extrinsic coloration, and good elasticity.  Aim of this study: The goal of this investigation  aimed to evaluate the effect of addition of  Barium titanate (BaTiO3) Nano fillers in differ-ent percentages on some mechanical properties of VST-50 room temperature vulcanized maxillofacial sili-cone.Methods: The Nano BaTiO3 was introduced to the VST-50 RTV maxillofacial silicone in percentages of 1% and 2% by weight, and the samples were tested for tensile strength (ISO 37: 2017), percentage of elonga-tion (ISO 37: 2017), and tear strength (ISO 34-1: 2015). The BaTiO3 Nanofillers dispersion in VST-50 sili-cone elastomer investigated by FE-SEM and EDS. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The changing significance was tested using a one-way ANOVA test. Results:  FE-SEM imaging was used to determine the dispersion of the nanoparticles inside the silicone matrix, which exhibited a well-dispersed with some agglomeration as the filler fraction rose, The incorporation of BaTiO3 nanoparticles in the polymer matrix is supported by the EDS test. When compared to the control group, the 1% and 2 % groups showed substantial increases in tensile strength, percentage of elongation and non-significant difference be-tween 1% and 2% groups, and 2% more increase in tear strength than 1% groups.Conclusion:  Reinforcing VST-50 maxillofacial silicone with 1 % and 2% percentages of Nano BaTiO3 improved several of the room temperature vulcanized silicone's mechanical qualities

Alyaa Hasan Bohan, Noor Thair Tahir , Rasha Kareem Hashim3 , Hiba Hasan Bohan

Vitamin D3 Evaluation in Iraqi Women with Thyroid Disorder (Hy-pothyroidism with and without Metabolic Syndrome).

Abstract: This study was designed to study the evaluate   of vitamin D3 and metabolic hormone in Hypothyroidism with metabolic syndrome and Hypothyroidism without metabolic syndrome. Sixty hypothyroidism patients divided in two group (30 Hypothyroidism with metabolic syndrome and 30 Hypothyroidism without metabolic syndrome and 30 healthy controls compared with patients. a significant increase in tetraiodo thyronine, free iodo thyronine and a highly significant increase inthyroid stimulating hormone in hypothyroidism women with metabolic syndrome when compaird of hypothyroidism women without metabolic syndrome. A significant increase in systolic blood preatuer, bady mass index, fasting blood suger, glycoselated heamoglobin, insulin resistance and high density lipoprotein while a highly significant increase in triglycyride and Vitamin D3 in hypothyroidism women with metabolic syndrome when compaird of hypothyroidism women without metabolic syndrome. It can be concluded that a deficiency in the level of vitamin D in the body, due to the fact that a deficiency of vitamin D negatively affects the various functions of the immune system in the body, which increases the likelihood of developing serious immune diseases that attack it thyroid gland disorder in diabetic women with metabolic syndrome.

Alaa Hussain Hassan, Janan M Al-Akeedi, dr. thekra ahmed hamada(3) , Suhair Shatti Saleh

Procalcitonin, CRP, IL-10, and IFN-gamma as indicators of disease severity in COVID-19 patients

Abstract: Inflammatory reactions are important in the progression COVID19 and inflammatory cytokine storm leave COVID19 more severe. The goal of this study was to determine the influence and concentrations of procalcitonin, IL-10, IFN, and CRP in COVID19 infested persons. Recently diagnosed COVID-19 individuals were found to have a higher risk of developing COVID-19, with the highest mean levels of procalcitonin compared to healthy controls (88.18±4.62 vs. 24.51±3.28 pg/ml) (P:<0.05). The examine additionally confirmed that newly recognized COVID-19 sufferers had appreciably better degrees of IL-10 in comparison to healthful controls (43. 5±5.seventy-four vs 27.6±4.23 pg/ml). The study decided that IFN-Gamma stages have been substantially expanded in newly inflamed COVID-19 sufferers as in comparison with wholesome controls (38.32 ± 5. forty-three vs. 22.41 ± 4.31 pg/ml), (P: < 0.05). The research tested that the extent of CRP turned into multiplied substantially in sufferers with new contamination of COVID-19 in comparison with wholesome control (63.4±8.22 v.s.8.17±2.33 mg/dl) (P:<0.05). Within the first week of contamination, the researchers discovered a distinct link between procalcitonin, IL-10, IFN gamma, and CRP and COVID-19 disorder.

Tabarak Sabah , Nada M.H. AL-Ghaban

Following amoxicillin therapy, matrix metalloproteinase-20 immunolocalization was observed in the development of the rat's first molar teeth.

Abstract: Amoxicillin is one of the most commonly prescribed antibiotics in children. It is therefore administered as the first choice of antibiotics for respiratory, gastrointestinal, neuronal, and skin infections. The objective of this study was to determine whether if amoxicillin use affects the formation of dentin and enamel during the secretion and early phases of mineralization. Sixteen pregnant adult Wistar rats were equally divided into two groups. The first group that do not received drug and prescribed with a saline solution (control group), the other group received 250 mg/kg/day amoxicillin (study group). The treatments were daily administered by oral gavage from the 13th gestation day to the end of gestation. After birth, the newborn were also received the same treatment as their mothers from first day of birth until 7 or 12  day after birth. The newborns will be sacrificed at 7 and 12 days postnatally, the jaws will be dissected, and taking the maxilla ,were the samples fixed in 10% formaldehyde solution and the upper first molars were analyzed immunostaining with MMP-20 on day7 and 12 were performed. Significant difference in positive expression of ameloblast for MMP20 antibody between groups was observed at 7 days (P = 0.014) and not significant difference at 12 day (P = 0.347).And not significant difference for positive expression of odontoblast for MMP20 antibody between groups in both duration were observed at 7 days (P = 0.178) and not significant difference at 12 day (P = 0.143) and highly strong expression in enamel matrix during early mineralization stage in control group and strong expression in study group. The current findings indicate that amoxicillin effect the expression of MMP20 during the secretory stage by decrease the expression of MMP20 in ameloblast and expression of MMP20 decrease in cells during early mineralization stage in both groups in different rate.

Salwa J. Fakher , Riyadh S. Bedeeh

Evaluation of heavy metal pollution for agricultural locations' soils and plants in Basrah province

Abstract: To Evaluation  the state of Pollution with heavy metals (Zn, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb), ten Locations with different chemical and physical properties were selected from the agricultural Locations of Basrah province: 1/Al-Qurna, 2/Al-Madina, 3/Al-Dair, 4/Al-Haritha, and 5/Karmat Ali (University). ), 6/ Al-Tanuma, 7/ Abu Al-Khasib, 8/ Al-Siba, 9/ Al-Faw and 10/ Al-Zubayr (Al-Burjisiya station) and a site was chosen for comparison, where soil samples were collected from agricultural Locations close to the source of pollution, while plant samples were collected from near  and far from the source Pollution and the necessary analyzes were  Carried  out for  the study. The results showed an increase in the concentration of total heavy metals in the soils of most of the study Locations and they were polluted compared to the comparison treatment, and the soils of most agricultural Locations exceeded the internationally permissible limits. The results indicated that the total average concentration of lead, nickel, copper, chromium and zinc in the Hartha  area (the fourth site) was 615.88, 165.55, 390.40, 48.45, 465.83 mg kg-1 soil sequentially, which is higher compared to the average concentration in other agricultural sites, as well as the concentrations of heavy metals increased  ( Pb , Ni , Cu , Cr , Zn ) in plants grown in locations close from  the source of pollution, and the concentrations of these elements decreased in plants far from the source of pollution. It is noted that the pollution factor (CF) values of Pb and Zn in all study Locations ranged from moderate contamination to very high contamination

Noor Alhuda Majid Muhsin  Saif Saadedeen Abdulrazaq

Hemodynamic alterations in controlled hypertension individuals after local anesthetic injection with a vasoconstrictor drug

Abstract: Local anesthesia considered as the most drug used in dentistry, vasoconstrictors are added to its composition to maximize its advantages, but it considered as tourniquet and act on beta 1 and 2 receptors, this cause augmentation of heart rate and blood pressure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety of vasoconstrictors during simple tooth extraction in controlled hypertensive patients by monitoring the changes in blood pressure, heart rate and oxygen saturation; A prospective clinical study carried out in control group (normotensive patients n=60) and study group (hypertensive patients) (n=60). The following hemodynamic parameters (blood pressure [diastolic and systolic], heart rate and oxygen saturation) were monitored at four different time points (before infiltration of local anesthesia (R1), after 3 minutes of local anesthesia (R2), immediately after extraction (R3) and 25 minutes after local anesthesia infiltration (R4). One carpule of local anesthesia for each patient was provided in the form of lidocaine 2% with adrenaline as vasoconstrictor 1/100,000; (3) Results: Mean heart rate increased from one to four beats per minute in all groups, but the increment was lesser in hypertensive group. The increased of systolic blood pressure in hypertensive patients during (R2,R3 and R4) was significantly lower than normotensive group (p<0.001). The diastolic blood pressure reading fell in hypertensive group more than normotensive group during (R2,R3 and R4), no changes in oxygen saturation were recorded between both groups; (4) Conclusions: no adverse effect in well controlled hypertensive patients were seen during simple tooth extraction, one carpule of local anesthesia with 1\100,000 adrenaline not induce augmentation of blood pressure in hypertension patients included in this study. The changes in heart rate were within the safe limits.

Raghad Abdulsalam Khaleel, Munaf Hashim Zalzala and Yasir W. Rashid

Topical paquinimod treatment has an immune-protective effect against imiquimod-induced inflammation that resembles psoriasis in mice.

Abstract: Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory condition that primarily affects the skin, hair, and joints and is associated with significant humanistic and economic consequences. Psoriasis was induced in mice in this work using an imiquimod 5% cream, an immune response modifier that can cause psoriasis-like skin inflammation when given orally. Paquinimod is prepared as an ointment and has been topically given to mice before imiquimod application. In this study albino mice were allocated into five groups and treated as follows: the control group received only a daily application of cream based on shaved back (62.5mg/2cm) with a daily topi-cal dose of ointment for 14 consecutive days with the oral vehicle. Imiquimod group received a daily topical dose of vehicle one hour before imiquimod 5%application on shaved back (62.5mg/2cm) for 14 consecutive days. The paquinimod-treated group received different daily topical doses of paquinimod one hour before imiquimod 5% application on shaved back (62.5mg/2cm) for 14 consecutive days. Clobetasol -treated group received a daily topical dose of clobetasol ointment (62.5mg/2cm) one hour before imiquimod 5% application on shaved back (62.5mg/2cm) for 14 consecutive days. Paquinimod only group received a daily oral dose of paquinimod for 14 consecutive days. The current study found that the administration of paquinimod ointment resulted in a significant decline in TNF-α, IL-23, IL17 level, reduced psoriasis area and severity index, spleen index, skin thickness, and gene expression of TNF-α, Nf-KB, IL-1B, IL-17in the (Paquinimod oint-ment+imiquimod) group substantially more than that in the (vehicle ointment+imiquimod) groups. In conclu-sion, paquinimod has a powerful ameliorating effect that can reduce the IMQ-induced psoriasis-like inflamma-tion in a mouse model. As a result, we have every reason to believe that paquinimod will be utilized in the fu-ture to treat psoriasis.

Lubab Gatea Ali Al-Azerg , Rasha Khalid Hussein Al-Masoudi and Israa Abdul Razzaq Majeed Aldobaissi

Gypsophila L. new record species in Iraq

Abstract: G. tuberculosa is a new recorded species from Caryophyllaceae family for Iraqi flora, collected from Arbil district from May to August, morphological descriptions with macro and micro feature illustrated with plates and dimensions, the species is related to G. pallida and distinguished from calyx properties espe-cially the presence of large prominent druses crystals.   

Ali Hassan Ahmed Al-Shammary and Moutaz A.W. Abdul Mounam

Exodia phenomenon of ingested Mycophages mixtures against chimeric Candida albicans strains found in Baghdad dairy chain ecosystems

Abstract: Effective, organized groups with natural antimicrobial and anti-biofilm broad-spectrum power exist within the food chain, like a hidden dormant mimic hygienic bio life nanobodies that is able to terminate multiple opportunistic disease entities owing multi stress resistant forbidden recalcitrant power, such as Candida albicans. These wonderful dynamic forces created by ALLAH Almighty are the Mycophages or fungi-eating state of fungi foodborne phages, and this project was redirected to be a dare to leap from us towards the future. Multi stress resistant C. albicans that resistant to different antifungal agents with their genetic tolerance plasticity to thermal pasteurization decontamination module as well as to ultraviolet irradiation hurdle strategy recovered from raw milk (mastitis), yogurt and soft cheese with versatile phenotypes resident in topic sectors of Abu-Ghraib, Al-Fudhaliyah and Al-Sadrya in Baghdad. From other side of trueness, we discover an abnormal deviated activity of bacteriophages cocktails that behave with broad-spectrum functions against Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Vancomycin resistant Streptococci (VRE) as lytic bactericidal and versus multi stress resistant C. albicans as redirected terminator lytic Mycophages thus objected to be a new nano-built hygienic phenomenon entity (Exodia).    

Husam Salman Jasim, Zainab A. Al-kubaisi, Hanady S. Al-Shmgani

Quercetin derivatives' potential for cytotoxicity against the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line

Abstract: Many previous investigations have found quercetin to be a powerful antioxidant and anti-tumor flavonoid, but its poor bioavailability has limited its use. The aimed of this current study was to investigate the effects of two newly synthesized Quercetin Schiff bases containing 2-aminothiadiazole-5-thiol (Q1) and its thiobenzyl derivatives (Q2) on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Cell viability and apoptosis were assessed to determine the toxic effects of the Q1 and Q2. Cytotoxicity valuation showed that both compounds inhibited MCF-7 cells growth and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity increased in a dose depended aspect compared to control group. Comet assay results observed that Q1 and Q2 induce higher DNA damage than control (untreated cell), however in all curried experiments Q2 showed higher effects compared to Q1. Hence to two synthesized quercetin Schiff bases can take action as promising anti-cancer agent.